B) Creates the text that achieves the goal set by the original
c) Is guided by personal understanding of the correctness and appropriateness of the original message
85. The hermeneutic aspect of translation includes:
A) Questions of understanding and interpretation of the source text by the translator and the target text by the recipient
b) Selection of translation strategies
c) Selection of translation models
86. List the aspects of professional competence of the translator
87. What is the difference in terminology definitions of "Translation studies" and "Theory of Translation"?
88. Give the definition of "pragmatic aspect of translation"
89. Give the definition of the concept of "pragmatic adaptation of the translation."
90. Give the definition of an adequate and equivalent translation
91. What are the cultural - ethnic barriers to translation?
92. List the types of translation errors from the perspective of pragmatics of translation
93. Give the definition of "Uzus"
94. Understanding may be interpreted as an extracting ..........
95. Name the 5 stages of language competence by Yu. M. Skrebnev
96. Give the definition of semantic and situational information by R.K.Minyar-Beloruchev
97. Give the definition of "translation strategy"
98. What are the two main strategies of translation in modern translation studies?
99. What are the translation strategies of domestication, foreignization, creolisation?
100. Name the 5 regulatory translation requirements (standards) by V.N. Komissarov.
1. Give the definition of the “unit of translation”
2. Name the levels of equivalence by Komissarov
3. What are the two main strategies of translation in modern translation studies
4. Name the parameters of memory translations’ typology
5. List the types of translation
Развернутые ответы
86. a) fluency in two or more languages;
b) Translation techniques;
c) Knowledge of the subject area or subject of the speech;
d) Personal characteristics.
87. As a rule, they are considered as equivalent; however, if the author wishes to emphasize the purely linguistic approach to the study of the problems of translation, the term “linguistic theory of translation” is used, or simply the “theory of translation”. The term “Translation studies” usually indicates that the author adheres to a broader approach to the subject of the science of translation, emphasizing the multifaceted and interdisciplinary nature of the research.
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88. This is the influence on the result of the translation process and the need to provide the desired impact on the recipient.
89. The set changes to text of the translation in order to achieve the required response from the particular recipient.
90. Adequate translation - translation, providing pragmatic task of translation on the highest possible level of equivalence, preventing violations of the target language norms. Equivalence means correspondence of two texts: the source text and the target text.
91. a) Barriers caused by different linguistic patterns;
b) Barriers caused by differences in the conditions and lifestyle of different nations;
c) Barriers caused by differences between civilizations and their inherent
value systems.
92. • factual errors
• Inaccuracy / freedom in the transfer of content
• Violation of target language norms
• Violation of the genre and target language stylistic norms
• Failure to comply with the pragmatic task of translation
93. The speech norm that indicates how native speakers actually say or write.
94. “a certain body of knowledge from the text”.
95. a) The ability to distinguish human speech from natural noise;
b) The ability to determine what language the speaker uses;
c) Understanding the meaning of statements;
d) Understanding connotations of statements;
e) The ability to build the statement in view of stylistic connotations.
96. Semantic information - content of the work. Situational information - information about the situation in which speech was created.
97. A set of techniques and principles used by the translator to solve translation problems.
98. a) Translation, oriented towards reconstruction of the original sense of the target text.
b) Translation, oriented towards reconstruction of the formal and stylistic features of the target language.
99. Domestication - a tendency to transpose the original in the cultural context of the target language. Foreignization – interpreter’s orientation towards original foreign environment, underlining features of other cultures. Creolisation - search for a compromise between the elements of source and target cultures.
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100. a) The purpose of the communication level
b) The level of description of the situation
c) The level of statements
d) The level of the message
e) The level of linguistic signs
1. translation unit is a segment of a text which the translator treats as a single cognitive unit for the purposes of establishing an equivalence
2. Formal equivalence Semantic equivalence Pragmatic equivalence
Componential Referential
3. domestication and foreignization
4.
5. General Translation Legal Translation Commercial Translation Administrative Translation Literary Translation
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