UNIT 4. COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS
Lesson 1
Task 1.Study each pair of words. Pronounce them and translate into your native tongue. Explain the difference between the words in each pair. Which of the words do you think can be used while talking about modern means of business communication?
| 1. to convey – conveyer; 2. mobile – automobile; 3. happen – happy; 4. list – least; 5. presumably – presumption; 6. to enable – unable; 7. colleague – college; 8. common – come on; 9. contain – container; 10. the latest – the last; | 11. reference – preference; 12. examine – examination; 13. site – sight; 14. likely – like; 15. access – excess; 16. available – liable; 17. since – science; 18. commerce – commercial; 19. although – also; 20. to manufacture – manufacturer. |
Task 2.Study the following pairs of words. Mind the differences as well as similarities in pronunciation of the nouns and verbs.
| NOUN | VERB | |
| use [ju:s] a survey [`sə։vei] access [`ækses] process [`prəuses] archive [`α։kaıv] | – – – – – | use [ju:z] survey [sə`vei] access [`ækses] / [ək`ses] process [`prəuses] / [`prə`ses] archive [`α։kaıv] |
Task 3.Answer the questions.
1. What means of communication do you use in your everyday life?
2. Which means of communication do you use most frequently? Why?
3. What are the advantages of using modern means of communication (the Internet, mobile phones)? What are the disadvantages?
4. What role does communication play in business?
5. Can improved means of communication facilitate business?
Task 4.Read the text.
Modern Means of Business Communication
People have always tried to convey information. Now, they send letters and documents by post, by fax, by computer. We can make phone calls from home or the office or, thanks to mobile phones, from wherever we happen to be.
The list of services, due to advanced technology, is long and presumably will grow. Today many personal computers have videophone capability which enables business colleagues to see and talk to one another without leaving their desks.
From their offices they can buy things, carry out financial transactions, get information: share spreadsheets, accounts, drawings, diagrams, sales figures and designs etc.
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This is the global information age. The worldwide computer network known as the Internet, connects millions of people worldwide. It connects many computer networks and uses common addressing system.
By searching system it is easy to find the proper Web-page. Such a page can contain a survey or a short description, the information of the latest programme version or the reference to other Web-documents.
The World Wide Web, which is the collection of a vast number of archives (= files), enables users easily to examine the Internet sites. Having expanded considerably during the 1990s, the World Wide Web has become the leading informational service of the Internet.
E-mail still remains the most popular Internet service. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, the other popular services are available on the Net: reading USENET News, using the Word-Wide Web, Telnet, FTP, and Gopher.
Since the mid-1990s electronic commerce has become one of the most rapidly growing retail sectors involving the use of computer telecommunication networks. Although e-commerce usually refers only to the trading of goods and services over the Internet, it actually includes broader economic activity such as business-to-consumer and business-to-business commerce.
A new form of collaboration known as a virtual company is flourishing now. This type of company is actually a network of firms, each performing some of the processes needed to manufacture a product or deliver a service.
Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
1. spreadsheet[`spred∫i:t] – (IT) a computer programme that is used, for example, when doing financial or project planning. You enter data in rows and columns and the programme calculates costs, etc. from it: to store data in / on a spreadsheet; to create / fill in / updatea spreadsheet;
2. the Internet [`ıntəֽnet] – a computer system that allows people in different parts of the world to exchange information. You can use the Internet to get information from web sites and to send and receive messages by email. The Internet is often simply called the Net;
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3. the World Wide Web– a very large collection of documents, pictures, sounds etc stored on computers in many different places and connected through the Internet;
4. Telnet [`telֽnet] – a software programme for getting information stored on another computer on the Internet by typing instructions into the other computer;
5. FTP [ֽef ti: pi:] abbreviation – (Computing) file transfer protocol: a set of rules for moving computer files from one computer to another in a network, especially over the Internet;
6. Gopher [`gəufə] – 1.(Computing) a system that allows people to connect to Internet sites that are not part of the World Wide Web. 2.a small furry animal mainly found in North and Central America. It has a short tail and lives in holes that it digs in the ground;
7. electronic commerce[ֽelek`tronık `komə։s] usually used as e-commerce (also Internet commerce / Net commerce) – the business of buying and selling things using the Internet;
8. m-commerce [ֽem `komə։s] (mobile commerce) – the buying and selling of products on the Internet by using mobile phones / cell phones and other wireless (= without wires) technology;
9. t-commerce [`ti:ֽkomə։s] – 1. the buying and selling of products through interactive television (= that allows information to be passed in both directions); 2. the buying and selling of products by telephone;
10. e-business [`i:ֽbıznəs] (less frequently electronic business) – any business activity that is done using the Internet, such as selling goods and services or linking parts of a business together; a company that uses the Internet in this way;
11. virtual organization[`və։t∫uəl] – a group of companies, employees, suppliers, customers, etc. that work together using computer equipment, telephones and other technology in order to provide a service or a product.
Task 5.Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the words in italics.
1.Do you have access to the Internet? 2.Students should be encouraged to use the Internet as a resource. 3.The group posted the names of the men on the Internet. 4.It’s almost impossible to police material sent over the Internet. 5.E-commerce has completely changed the way we buy goods and services. 6.The mail-order firm launched an e-commerce operation last year. 7.Our e-commerce sales have increased significantly. 8.Revenue from m-commerce is still low. 9.The company has decided to move into e-business. 10.E-business can fail if they don’t have the right kind of security.
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Task 6.Give the English for:
| 1.огляд; | 6.креслення; | 11.ймовірно, очевидно; |
| 2.доступ; | 7.цифри продажу; | 12.наявний; доступний; |
| 3.перелік; | 8.функція; здатність; | 13.передавати; виражати; |
| 4.рахунки; | 9.пошукова система; | 14.сектор роздрібної торгівлі; |
| 5.співпраця; | 10.надавати послугу; | 15.надавати змогу; дозволяти. |
Task 7.Give antonyms of the following words.
| 1.global; | 3.popular; | 5.common; | 7.available; | 9.advanced; |
| 2.rapidly; | 4.the latest; | 6.to enable; | 8.to receive; | 10.to connect. |
Task 8.Supply proper words, filling in the blanks.
| 1.to convey _____; | 8.the latest programme _____; |
| 2.due to _____ technology; | 9.the _____ informational service; |
| 3.videophone _____; | 10.to have _____ to the Internet; |
| 4.to enable business _____; | 11._____ economic activity; |
| 5._____ financial transactions; | 12._____-to-consumer commerce; |
| 6.global _____ age; | 13.a new form of _____; |
| 7._____ addressing system; | 14.to _____ a service. |
Task 9.Answer the questions.
1. Who has always tried to convey information? Why?
2. How do we share information these days?
3. Have you made phone calls today? How often do you communicate on the mobile phone?
4. Can business colleagues see and talk to one another without leaving their desks? What other opportunities are available to businessmen due to advanced technology?
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5. How is this age often called? Do you agree with the definition?
6. What modern system connects millions of people worldwide?
7. The Net connects many computer networks and uses common addressing system, doesn’t it?
8. Who is represented on the Internet?
9. How can users find proper Web-pages?
10. What has become the leading informational service of the Internet?
11. How do most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network?
12. What are some popular services available on the Internet?
13. When did e-commerce begin its rapid development?
14. What does e-commerce usually refer to? What does it actually include?
15. What new form of collaboration is flourishing now?
Task 10.Translate into English.
1.Люди завжди прагнули обмінюватися інформацією. 2.Сьогодні завдяки мобільному телефону ви можете подзвонити звідусіль, де б вам не довелося бути. 3.Ми живемо в епоху глобальної інформації. 4.У багатьох персональних комп’ютерах є функція відеофону. 5.Завдяки передовій технології партнери по бізнесу можуть співпрацювати, не залишаючи своїх робочих місць. 6.Всесвітня мережа, відома як Інтернет, з’єднує мільйони людей в усьому світі. 7.З допомогою пошукової системи у всесвітній павутині легко знайти належну веб-сторінку. 8.Найбільш популярною послугою Інтернету є електронна пошта. 9.Більшість користувачів, які мають доступ до Інтернету, використовують мережу лише для надсилання чи отримання електронних повідомлень. 10.Крім електронної пошти, в Інтернеті існують інші популярні послуги. 11.Галузь роздрібної торгівлі, відома як електронна комерція, особливо швидко почала розвиватися в 1990-х роках. 12.Електронна торгівля включає в себе насправді широку економічну діяльність. 13.Віртуальна компанія – це нова форма співпраці в бізнесі. 14.Віртуальні компанії сьогодні процвітають завдяки ефективному використанню телекому-нікаційних систем. 15.Без відданості постійним інноваціям у бізнесі неможливо досягнути довготермінового успіху.
Task 11.Read the text.
The Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fibre-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.
The term “internet” was adopted in December 1974 as an abbreviation of the term internetworking and the two terms were used interchangeably.
The term the Internet, has traditionally been treated as a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. There is a trend to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as “the internet”, without the capital.
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities.
The Internet is at once a worldwide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location.
The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network and the popularization of count-less applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. At present, an estimated quarter of Earth’s population uses the services of the Internet.
The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably, the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail, in addition to popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) person-to-person communication via voice and video.
The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
1. Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) [`ıntənet `prəutəukOl `swi:t] – стек протоколів IP (використовується також для об’єднання гетеро-генних мереж);
2. copper wire [`kOpə `waıə] – мідний дріт; мідний провід;
3. fibre-optic cable [`faıbə `keıbəl] – волоконно-оптичний кабель, ВОК, оптокабель;
4. wireless connection [`waıələs kə`nek∫ən] – бездротовий зв’язок;
5. proper noun [`prOpə] – власна назва;
6. generic term [Gə`nerık `tə:m] – родове найменування;
7. common noun [`kOmən `naun] – загальне ім’я; загальна назва;
8. capabilities [ֽkeıpə`bılətiz] – характеристики; можливість; здатність;
9. dissemination [dıֽsemı`neı∫ən] – поширення, розповсюдження;
10. sustained investment [sə`steınd] – тривала, безперервна інвестиція;
11. commitment [kə`mıtmənt] – взяте зобов’язання; зобов’язання; прихильність; рішучість; зацікавленість;
12. research and development – науково-дослідні і дослідно-конструкторські роботи (НДІДКР);
13. robust [rəu`bAst] – міцний, здоровий; сильний, дужий; здоровий, ясний (про розум);
14. fault-tolerant [ֽfO:lt `tOlərənt] – стійкий до відмов, збоїв у роботі; такий, що зберігає працездатність при відмові окремих елементів;
15. distributed [dı`strıbjutıd] – розповсюджений; розподілений;
16. to spawn [spO:n] – породжувати, спричинювати; народжувати (у великих кількостях);
17. a vast array(of) [ֽvα:st ə`reı] – велика кількість, безліч, сила-силенна, сукупність;
18. the inter-linked hypertext [`haıpətekst] / [`haıpərtekst] – з внутрішніми каналами зв’язку; гіпертекст, узагальнений текст (багаторівневий спосіб представлення інформації за допомогою зв’язків між документами);
19. online chat – переговори в режимі онлайн;
20. file transfer [`træntsfə:] – передача (пересилка) файлів;
21. file sharing – спільне використання файлу; колективний доступ до файлів; поділ файлів;
22. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) [`prəutəukOl] – Інтернет-протокол, протокол IP, протокол мереженого рівня (частина набору протоколів TCP/IP), що відповідає за передачу та маршрутизацію повідомлень між вузлами Інтернет;
23. distinction– різниця; розбіжність; відмінність; розрізнення, розпізнавання; відзнака;
24. hardware infrastructure – інфраструктура апаратури (апаратного обладнання, апаратних засобів);
25. software infrastructure – інфраструктура програмного забезпечення;
26. connectivity [ֽkOnek`tıvəti] – здатність до підключення; можливість під’єднання;
27. hyperlinks [`haıpəlıŋks] – гіпертекстові зв’язки (засоби компонування електронного документу, який містить текстові, аудіо- та відео дані); гіперпосилання; гіперзв’язки;
28. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) [ֽju: α:r `el] – уніфікований покажчик (інформаційного) ресурсу; URL –адреса;
Task 12.Complete the sentences with the most appropriate items.
1.The Internet is …
A.a network of workers;
B.a network of networks;
C.a network of copper wires;
D.a network of integrated works;
2.The Internet consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by …
A.copper wires;
B.fibre-optic cables;
C.wireless connections;
D.all the above.
3.The term “internet” was adopted in …
A.November 1970;
B.December 1974;
C.March 1974;
D.July 1970;
4.Initially “internet” was used as an abbreviation of the term …
A.international working;
B.interactive work;
C.internetworking;
D.internal work;
5.The term “the Internet”, can be treated as a …
A.proper noun;
B.generic term;
C.common noun;
D.all the above;
6.The origins of the Internet reach back to the …
A.1960s;
B.1970s;
C.1980s;
D.1990s;
7.At present an estimated … of Earth’s population uses the services of the Internet.
A.quarter;
B.third;
C.fifth;
D.half;
Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1. The Internet is a local system of interconnected computer networks.
2. The term “internet” is an abbreviation.
3. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer has nothing to do with creation of the Internet.
4. The Internet is one of the most successful examples of commitment to research and development of information infrastructure.
5. The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably.
6. World Wide Web is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers.
7. The Internet is one of the services communicated via the Web.
Task 14. а)Match the terms in column A with their definitions in column B.
| A | B |
| 1. URL | a)a characteristic that may be developed; potential aptitude; |
| 2. LAN | b)a small inexpensive computer used in word processing, playing computer games, etc; |
| 3. personal computer | c)a group of personal computers and associated equipment that are linked by cable, for example in an office building, and that share a communications line; it is an abbreviation for “local area network.” |
| 4. hypertext | d)a document format used in multimedia and on the Internet in which a page of text contains links, usually in the form of highlighted words or icons; |
| 5. capability | e)uniform resource locator; a standardized address of a location on the internet, especially on the World Wide Web; |
b) Which of the above words means:
· локальна мережа, ЛОМ (поєднані разом швидкісним каналом комп’ютери, розташовані на незначній відстані один від одного – в межах кімнати, приміщення, підприємства);
· уніфікований покажчик інформаційного ресурсу;
· характеристики; можливість; здатність;
· персональний комп’ютер, ПК ( термін походить від IBM PC, випущених у 1981 р. корпорацією IBM перших 16-розрядних персональних комп’ютерів;
· гіпертекст; узагальнений текст?
Task 15.Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the words in italics.
1.You can take part in multiplayer games either on a LAN network or via the internet. 2.The Uniform Resource Locator was created in 1994. 3.A personal computer may be a desktop computer, a laptop, a tablet PC or a handheld PC (also called palmtop). 4.Hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the World Wide Web, making it an easy-to-use and flexible format to share information over the Internet. 5.The company produces modems with added networking capability.
Task 16. a)Read and translate the passage.
The prevalent language for communication on the Internet is English. This may be a result of the origin of the Internet, as well as English’s role as a lingua franca. It may also be related to the poor capability of early computers, largely originating in the United States, to handle characters other than those in the English variant of the Latin alphabet.
After English (28.6% of Web visitors) the most requested languages on the World Wide Web are Chinese [ֽt∫aı`ni:z] (20.3%), Spanish [`spænı∫] (8.2%), Japanese [ֽGæpə`ni:z] (5.9%), French [frent∫] and Portuguese [ֽpO:t∫u`gi:z] (4.6%), German [`Gə:mən] (4.1%), Arabic [`ærəbık] (2.6%), Russian [`rA∫ən] (2.4%), and Korean [kə`rıən] (2.3%).
By region, 41% of the world’s Internet users are based in Asia [`eıჳə], 25% in Europe, 16% in North America, 11% in Latin America and the Caribbean [ֽkærə`bi:ən], 3% in Africa, 3% in the Middle East and 1% in Australia.
Vocabulary Notes:
1. prevalent [`prevələnt] – поширений; переважний; превалюючий;
2. lingua franca [`lıŋgwə `fræŋkə] – лінгва-франка (мова міжетнічного спілкування); іст. гібрид італійської, іспанської, французької, грецької і турецької мов, що в давнину використовувався для ведення торговельних справ у Середземному морі);
3. to handle [`hændəl] – керувати; справлятися;
4. character [`kærəktə] / [`kærəktər] – буква; цифра, ієрогліф;
b)Answer the questions.
1. What is the prevalent language for communication on the Internet? Why?
2. English is known as a lingua franca, isn’t it?
3. Did early computers have advanced capability to handle characters of various alphabets?
4. Apart from English, what other languages are most requested on the World Wide Web?
5. In what regions of the world are most Internet users based?
Task 17. a)Study the following word-building patterns.
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