Flowering and Ornamental Trees
Trees can be flowering trees, fruit trees, shade trees, ornamentals etc. Some attractive medium height flowering trees or ornamental trees would be ideal for a home garden. Trees take a number of years to mature. In the first year, remove weak or unruly shoots. In the second or third year remove poorly spaced branches, leaving alone the central trunk. Once they settle, trees need to be watered only once in a while. But the watering should be deep and applied directly to the soil. Shade trees and ornamentals grow on a framework of older branches and need only infrequent maintenance pruning. Prune only dead, diseased or damaged wood or when you need to correct a poor shape. Flowering trees can be pruned after flowering or fruition.
Creepers and Climbers
Creepers: These plants can be grown along the top of the compound wall or as a cover for walls, or at the entrance as an arch.
Climbers: These are the plants with soft stems that grow only with a support. They rely on something else for support; another plant, a wall or trellis.
Bulbs
A bulb is a specific stem structure which is planted beneath the soil and stays underground. Roots grow down from it, and stem and leaves grow up from it. Most bulb plants have a dormant (resting) period during which there is no growth visible. Bulb plants grow, flower, then the leaves remain for sometime and disappear completely until next year. They are easy to grow and guaranteed to bloom.
Socializing
Getting Acquainted. Introductions
I. Listen, read and memorize:
| What is your name? Каквас (тебя) зовут? My name is…Менязовут… What is your last name?Какваша (твоя) фамилия? My last name is…Мояфамилия… What is your patronymic?Какваше (твое) отчество? Mypatronymicis… Моеотчество… What is your first name?Какваше (твое) имя? My first name is…Моеимя… | Is your name John?ВасзовутДжон? Yes, my name is John.Да, менязовут Джон. No, my name is Jim.Нет, менязовут Джим. Let’sgetacquainted. Давайте (давай) познакомимся! Letmeintroduceyou… Познакомьтесь (познакомься)… Very nice to meet you.Оченьприятно. Nice to meet you too.Мнетоже. Who is that?Ктоэто? Thatismyfriend. Этомойдруг (подруга). |
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Обратите внимание!
В английском языке форма притяжательного местоимения зависит от того, имеет ли оно определяемое слово.
Например:My name is Bill. – And mine is Pete.
| Personal Pronoun | Possessive Adjective | Possessive Pronoun |
| I you he she it we they | my your his her its our their | mine yours his hers its ours theirs |
II. Listen, memorize and act out:
| 1 – Hello! Let’s get acquainted. My name is Nina. And yours? – My name is carol. – Nice to meet you. – Me too. 2 – Who is that? – That’s our teacher. – What’s his name? – His name is Ivan Petrovich. – What is his last name? – His last name is Sergeev. | 3 – Slava? Is this your friend? – Yes, it’s my friend. – And what is his name? – His name is Misha. And is this your friend? – Yes, this is my friend. Her name is Olya. 4 – Hi, Tim, let me introduce you, this is my friend. His name is Igor. – Nice to meet you. My name is Tim. – Nice to meet you too. |
Practice
1. Match parts of the phrases:
1. My name is Sasha. A.Very nice to meet you.
2. Is this your colleague? B.Me too.
3. Very nice to meet you. C.Yes, her name is Ira.
4. What is her patronymic? D.His last name is Sergeev.
5. What is your name? E.Her name is Lena.
6. Is her name Ira? F.My name is Tom.
7. What is his last name? G.I’m glad to see you too.
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8. I’m very glad to see you. H.Her patronymic is Ivanovna.
9. What is your last name? I.My last name is Romanov.
10. What is her name? J.This is my friend.
11. Who’s that? K.Yes, this is my friend.
12. Is this your friend? L.Yes, this is my colleague.
2. Finish the sentences:
1. His name is…
2. Her first name is…
3. This is our colleague…
4. My patronymic is…
5. Let me introduce you, this is…
6. Let’s get acquainted.
7. Meet my friend…
3. Read the sentences choosing the proper pronoun:
1. (My/Mine) name is Jack. – And (my/mine) is Tony.
2. This is (our/ours) teacher, and that is (your/yours).
3. (Her/Hers) name is Lisa, and (her/hers) is Sandra.
4. This is (my/mine) friend, and that is (your/yours).
5. (Her/Hers) last name is Griffin, and (my/mine) is Cage.
6. This is (our/ours) colleague, and that is (their/theirs).
7. (My/Mine) patronymic is Ivanovna, and (her/hers) is Sergeevna.
4. Give the answers:
1. Very nice to meet you.
2. What is her last name?
3. What is your name?
4. I’m very glad to see you.
5. What is her name?
6. What is your first name?
7. What is his patronymic?
8. Let me introduce you, this is Dima.
9. Who is that?
10. Is this your friend?
11. Is that their colleague?
12. Is this your teacher?
Make up dialogues.
Unit III
The Tree
Grammar for Revision: Attributive Clauses
Text A : Structure of a Tree
Text B
Text C : Trees
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Socializing: Profession
“Love the trees until their leaves fall off,
then encourage them to try again next year”.
Chad Sugg
Warm Up
Trees produce oxygen, provide habitats for insects and birds, and one held the apple that met Sir Isaac Newton. What else do you know about trees?
Take this Trees Quiz and find it out:
1. A tree has leaves. What does a palm have?
AfrondsBneedlesCspikesDgrains
2. What is the tallest kind of tree?
AteakBmahoganyCredwoodDspruce
3. From what tree does aspirin come?
AwillowBpalmCcedarDredwood
4. Which of these is not a coniferous tree?
AspruceBredwoodCcypressDelm
5. Which of these is not a deciduous tree?
ApoplarBspruceCmapleDelm
6. Which of these terms applies to trees that shed their leaves?
AconiferousBdeciduousCbulbousDevergreen
7. Which of these trees can grow in standing water?
ApineBmangroveCsequoiaDspruce
Read the answers to the quiz and check yourself:
1. A palm has fronds, a specialized kind of leaf.
2. The coast redwood of California, the world's tallest tree, can reach up to 370 feet (113 meters) tall and grow bark as thick as 1 foot (30 centimeters).
3. Aspirin is made from salicylic acid, which was originally derived from the willow (in Latin, ‘salix’) tree.
4. Conifers are a group of trees and shrubs that produce cones. Most conifers are evergreens, or trees that keep their leaves year-round. Elms are deciduous, meaning they lose their leaves.
5. The spruce is a conifer, with needles instead of leaves. It does not lose those needles, whereas a deciduous tree sheds its leaves in fall.
6. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the fall. Often they change color, to yellow or red, before they shed.
7. Most trees cannot live on tide-drenched seashores because their roots cannot get air from the wet soil. The mangrove, however, takes air into its vinelike roots through their pores.
GrammarRevision
AttributiveClauses
(Определительные придаточные предложения)
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Определительные придаточные предложения относятся к существительному или местоимению в главном предложении и являются его сложным определением (какой?).По значению и способу соединения определительные придаточные предложения делятся на:
| Индивидуализирующие | Описательные |
| The man who wants to buy my housecame again yesterday. Описывают индивидуальный признак предмета или лица. Не отделяются запятой. | A man, who said he knew my father, came to see me yesterday. Служат для сообщения дополнительной информации или описания лица или предмета. Отделяются запятой. |
| Придаточное предложение | Союзы, союзные слова | Перевод | Примеры |
| Определительное (Attributive) | who that which whom whose | который который который которого чей | The man who normally works here is ill. Have you seen the dress that I’ve just bought? Have you read the book which I gave you? I know the man whom you mean. Our sister whose photo I showed you, is coming tomorrow. |
Обратите внимание!
В определительных придаточных предложениях относительные местоимения, выполняющие функцию дополнения, часто опускаются:
The man (who) I saw yesterday is ill.
В придаточных предложениях относительные местоимения, выполняющие функции подлежащего, не опускаются:
The man who normally works here is ill.
Если в придаточном предложении сказуемым является глагол с предлогом relyon, speakabout, passby,etc., то при пропуске союзного слова предлог передвигается в конец придаточного предложения:
The woman who we buy eggs from has twenty hens.
В формальном стиле предлог обычно стоит перед относительным местоимением. Вэтомслучаеthatнеиспользуется:
The success of the bread can depend on the oven in which it is baked (инструкция).
Where, when, whyмогут также вводить определительные придаточные предложения:
We visited the town where I was born.
There must be a reason why you said that.
It was last year when we met.
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