Types of Plants: Plant Classification
Plants are the fundamental building blocks of life on earth. Plants are life forms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The scientificstudy has revealed at least 500,000 species of plants. The types of plants vary in size from microscopic algae, to huge sequoia trees more than 8m (26 ft) tall.
Plant Kingdom is mainly classified into two. This type of plant classification is done accordingto how they reproduce:
1) Spore bearing plants (algae, mosses, ferns and their relatives)
2) Seed bearing plants (сonifers and flowering plants).
Plant classification according to this criterion, can berepresented as follows:
Plant kingdom: Spore Bearing Plants and Seed Bearing Plants;
Spore Bearing Plants: Algae, Mosses (Liverworts), and Ferns;
Seed Bearing Plants: Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) and Conifers (Gymnosperms);
Angiosperms: Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons.
The plant kingdom can also be classified on the basis of the presence or absence ofvasculartissue. Ferns (pteridophytes), gymnosperms and angiosperms have vascular tissue which transports the nutrients and water through the plant. They are collectively known as tracheophytes. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts (bryophytes) are non-vascular,i.e. they do not have vascular tissue to transport sugar, water and nutrients.
Spore Bearing Plants
Algae, mosses, ferns and their genus all reproduce by means of spores. Each spore contains a small quantity of vital genetic matter.
Algae
The simplest plants of this type are algae. They do not have leaves,stems or roots.Algae thrive in a moist or wetenvironment.
Mosses
Mosses and most liverworts have simple stems and tiny, slender leaves. They can be found growing on the plain land, on rocks, and on other plants. They live in mild,dampregions, but some can live in very cold places.
Ferns
Ferns are the most superior spore bearing type of plants. Many ferns grow in cool, dry places but the largest ones are found in the hot, damp tropic regions. Around 15,000 species of ferns are there in existence now according to scientific researches.
Seed Bearing Plants
Plants that reproduce by means of seeds belong to this type of plants. Conifers or gymnosperms and flowering plants or angiosperms reproduce by seeds. Each seed contains an embryo and a food supply. This is enclosed by a seed covering.
Conifers
Сonifers are plants that have conesinstead of flowers. Their seeds grow within female cones. The majority of gymnosperms are trees or shrubs.
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Flowering plants
Flowering plants are the most varied part of land vegetation. There are at least 250,000 kinds of flowering plants identified till now. The distinguishingtrait of flowering plants or angiosperms is the flower.
7. Choose the correct answer:
1. The scientificstudy has revealed at least ____.
a) 300,000 species of plants
b) 500,000 species of plants
c) 600,000 species of plants
2. Spore bearing plantsand seed bearing plants.This type of plant classification is done according to how they ____.
a) use
b) feed
c) reproduce
3. Spore bearing plants are ____.
a) algae, mosses, ferns
b) ferns, сonifers and flowering plants
c) сonifers and flowering plants
4. Spore bearing plants are ____.
a) algae, mosses, conifers
b) ferns, algae, mosses
c) flowering plants and conifers
5. Plants that have vascular tissue are ____.
a)pteridophytes, bryophytes,angiosperms
b)angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes
c)gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes
6. The majority of gymnosperms are ____.
a) trees or shrubs
b) shrubs or flowers
c) herbs or trees
8. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
виды растений;их родственники;следующим образом;на основе;не имеющие проводящей ткани;посредством спор;малое количество;влажная окружающая среда;самый лучший;семенная оболочка;наземная растительность
9. Find in the text and read the sentence in which it is said that…
– Plants are very important for the life on earth.
– One of the plant classifications is done according to the type of reproduction.
– Another classification is done on the basis of the presence or absence ofvascular tissue.
– Vascular tissue transports the nutrients and water through the plant.
– Algae grow best in a wet environment.
– Mosses can sometimes use other plants for growing.
– Gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce by seeds.
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– The flower is the distinguishingtrait of flowering plants.
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