Методические рекомендации к контрольной работе №3
Задание 1
Текст, представленный в задании, перевести на русский язык в тетради для контрольных работ.
Задание 2-3
Выполнить упражнения
Контрольная работа №3
Вариант № 1
1.Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык:
RAILWAY TRANSPORT TODAY
Russia stretches from the Pacific ocean to the Baltic Sea. Its territory is 17 million square kilometres, with over 170 million population. From west to east the territory extends over 10,000 km, and from north to south almost 5,000 km. The tremendous area and population of the country, the highly developed industry and agriculture determine the necessity for a widely developed transport system. The railways occupy an outstanding position as a freight and passenger carrier, taking care of approximately 80 per cent of the entire traffic of the country. The total length of Russian railway network is now 130,000 km.
Russian railway system is based on diesel traction and is being modernized. The length of the electrified railway lines is about 30,000 km. Some of the electrified truck lines are the largest in the world: the Moscow — Lake Baikal line.
The railway system is equipped and being continuously supplied with new powerful electric, high load-capacity freight cars and with special cars for transporting diverse goods, cars are fitted with automatic brakes; automatic couplers and roller bearings are widely used. The freight rolling stock consists of 6- and 8-axle cars. On truck railway lines mainly 50 and 65 kg rails are laid on broken stone ballast; reinforced-concrete ties are being used on many lines while long-welded rails are becoming increasingly popular.
Automatic and remote control devices as well as computers have found intensive use. Many thousands of kilometres of railways are equipped with automatic block signaling and centralized traffic control. Many stations have been equipped with route-relay interlocking of switches and signals, many hump yards have been modernized with automated working,
II. Определите по суффиксу часть речи и переведите слова на русский язык:
association, novelist, soundless, homeless, manhood, formulation, vibration, unfortunately, technological, special, sensitive, requirement, reflectively, speechless
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III. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:
square Have you drawn a square? Where is the way to Red Square, please? I’ve bought a square table as I don’t like a round one.
right Youare not right. All right, we’ll go with you. She has the right on her side. What’s the right time? Turn to the right and you’ll see the University. She could write with her both hands: right and left. The ball fell right into the basket.
Вариант № 2
1.Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык:
I. CENTRE OF GRAVITY
We know gravity to act on every particle of a body so that its weight is actually distributed throughout the body. But a solid body has one point at which it can be supported by a single upward force. In other words, the whole weight of a body acts as though it is concentrated at a single point and this point is called the centre of gravity.
If you are asked to carry a heavy object in one hand, you automatically take it up at the centre of gravity. If it begins to tip, when you first take it up, you move your hand along the object to the centre of gravity. The location of the centre of gravity of a uniform body is known to depend on its size.
Stability. A book lying on a table is expected to keep its position without any difficulty, as one knows it to be in a state of equilibrium. However, to make it stand on end is not easy at all. In the same way, a pencil will lie on the table without any tendency to tip over. With some difficulty one can make it stand on its unsharpened end but it will not stand at all, alone, upon its sharp end.
The stability of an object is measured by the amount of work to be required to make it take a new position. The stability of an object is greatest when its centre of gravity is at the lowest level. That is why, to increase the stability of a motor-car, its designer tries to keep the centre of gravity as low as possible.
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II. Определите по суффиксу часть речи и переведите слова на русский язык:
technologist, reflection, helpless, powerful, practically, widely, forward, qualification, nervous, business, difficulty, modest, stormy, wooden, wireless
III. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:
order He ordered him to go away. They always keep their things in order.
watch Watch his experiment, please! He has bought a watch on a birthday.
hand The postman handed her two letters in the morning. He can write with his left hand.
Вариант № 3
1.Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык:
I. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
Electric power is generated at power stations, but it is usually needed for far-off places. How is the current taken to these far-off places? Thick wires usually carry it across the country, and steel pylons hold the wires above the ground. The pylons are so high that nobody can touch the wires at the top. The wires are not usually copper wires; they are made of aluminum, and thirty wires together form one thick cable. Aluminum is so light that the pylons can easily hold the cables up.
It would not be cheap to drive very large currents through these cables. Large currents need very thick wires. If thin wires are used, they get hot or melt, and so the currents ought to be as small as possible. Can we send a lot of power if we use a small current? We can do so if the voltage is high. We need a small current and a high voltage; or a large current with a low voltage. The small current is cheaper because the wires need not be thick.
The result is that the voltage has to be very high. The pressure in the aluminum cables may be 132,000 volts, and this is terribly high. The voltage of a small battery which we carry in our pockets is usually between 1 and 9 volts. A car battery has a voltage of 6 or 12 volts. In a house the pressure in the wires may be 230 volts, or something like that. Even 230 volts is high enough to kill a person, so what would happen if we touched one of the cables? The high voltage would drive a heavy current through our bodies to the earth.
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II. Определите по суффиксу часть речи и переведите слова на русский язык:
journalist, signature, operation, remarkable, regular, scientific, science, separately, generally, fully, remember, multiplication, official, sensitive, regularity, receiver, quality, principal
III. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выделенные слова :
floor Wash the floor, please, it is dirty. He has got a new flat on the eighth floor.
water Give me a cup of water, please. Don’t forget to water my flowers.
Вариант № 4
1.Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык:
I. THE CAPACITOR
A capacitor is an electrical device for storing quantities of electricity in much the same way that a reservoir is a container for storing water or a steel tank is a container for storing gas. The general form of a capacitor is that of two parallel conducting plates. Such plates are of relatively large area, close together, and contain between them a no conducting medium called the dielectric. Common dielectrics are air, glass, oil and waxed paper.
Quantitatively, the capacitance of a capacitor is a measure of its ability to store-up electricity. To increase the capacitance of a capacitor, one of the following changes can be made: First, the area of the plates may be increased; second, the plates may be put closer together; and third, a more suitable dielectric may be inserted between the plates. If the plates of a capacitor are small in area and at the same time relatively far apart, the capacitance is small. If the area is large and the plates close together, the capacitance is large.
The principles of the capacitor are: One plate of capacitor is grounded, and the other is insulated but connected to an electroscope or electrometer. If the right-hand plate is given a negative charge, electrons in the other plate are repelled into the negative charge, electrons in the other plate are repelled into the ground, leaving that plate positively charge, electrons from the ground are attracted to the other plate and it’s acquired a negative charge.
II. Определите по суффиксу часть речи и переведите слова на русский язык:
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