Complete with the verb in Present Perfect continuous, use pictures.



For example. It hasn’t stop rain. It has been raining for two hours.

(not stop/ to rain) (to be tired/ to work)

(to sleep/ to play) (to sleep/ to wait)

GRAMMAR: must, have to, should (obligation) [1.pp143]

Obligation/necessity: have to/must (+infinitive) Must suggests personal obligation - it’s necessary, because the speaker thinks it is. Have to suggests, external obligation - it’s necessary because of a rule or an arrangement. Compare: I must buy a new shirt- this one is too old now.(It’s my own decision) I have to wear shirt and tie at work (It’s the rule at this company). Have to is a normal verb and it exists in all tenses. No obligation/necessity: don’t have to. You don’t have to pay for the tickets. They are free. Prohibition: mustn’t (+infinitive). You mustn’t eat that cake-it’s for birthday. Shouldis not so strong as must and have to. We use it to say if we think something is the right or wrong thing to do: You should take warm clothes. It might be cold at night there.

Consolidation of grammar. Circle the correct form.

a) I must / should remember to phone Emily tonight- it’s her birthday.

b) You don’t have to /must hurry. You have enough time.

c) The exhibition was free so I hadn’t to / didn’t have to pay.

d) Do you have to /should you to wear traditional clothes in wedding ceremony?

e) We must / had to wait two hours at security and nearly missed our flight.

Compare with the partner. Then make sentences with…

You should / shouldn’t…..(for manners) Eg. Switch off your mobile phone in class.

You have to / mustn’t…. (for the law) Eg. You have to Switch off your mobile phone on a plane.

a) Play noisy games on a mobile phone in public.

b) Send text messages when your stop at traffic lights.

c) Use a hand-held mobile while driving a car.

d) Use your mobile at a petrol station.

e) Make very personal calls in public.

Exercise 3 You will hear three people talking about inviting guests home for a meal. Listen to the first text and do the test. [3.4.9 pp36].

a) Japanese usually invite guests home at the weekend for______

a) dinner b) supper c) lunch

b) They must tidy the front garden and clean the _______

a) yard b) entrance hall c) rooms

c) The guests bring _______ gift

a) very big b) tiny c) small

d) They try to serve traditional Japanese meals like______

a) sushi b) hamburger c) fish

e) If you don’t understand their ______, you may think this is very strange.

a) language b) people c) culture


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