Зачетное задание 4 курс. 7 семестр (ТО, ПТМ)
1. Запишите и выучите лексику занятия. Automobile structure
power train [′pauə′trein] трансмиссия
power plant [′pauə′plɑ:nt] двигатель, силовая установка
combustion [kəm′bʌstʃən] сгорание
carburetor [′kɑ:bjuretə] карбюратор
stroke [strouk] цикл, такт
сooling system
lubricating system [′lu:brikeitiŋ…] система смазки
brake system
steering system рулевое управление
gear box
propeller shaft карданный вал
rear axle [′riə′æksl] задний мост
final drive [′fainl′draiv] главная передача
Задание1. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. The engine makes the car wheel rotate and the car move.
2. Another difference results from the working method of the internal combustion engine.
3. The chassis consists of a power train and a frame.
4. The chassis includes the brake system and the steering system.
5. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels.
Задание2 . Выберите соответствующий перевод следующих английских слов.
a) rotation - вращать, вращение, вращательный;
b) fundamentally - основной, в основном, основа;
c) difference - различие, различать, различный;
d) lubrication - смазка, смазывать, смазывающий;
e) transmission - передача, передавать, передаточный;
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f) differential - дифференциал, дифференцировать, дифференциальный;
g) driver - водитель, водить, водительский.
Задание 3. Прочтите и переведите текст. AUTOМ OВ ILE STRUCTURE
There are numerous types of motor vehicles: passenger cars, buses, trucks, tractors and others. Each of them serves quite a definite purpose. Every automobile has the following components: engine, рower train, chassis, body.
The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. It makes the car wheel rotate and the car move. In general, internal - combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol, diesel, oil). Depending on their combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburettor engines and diesel engines. Sometimes the carburettor engines are called heavy-oil engines. Another
difference results from the working method of the internal-combustion engine.
A difference is made, between four-stroke cycle engine and two-stroke cycle engine.
Everу engine includes the electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. The chassis consists of a power train and a frame with axles, wheels and steering system as well. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and consists of the clutch, gear- box or transmission, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
The body has a hood and fenders and accessories: the heater, lights, radio, windshield wiper, convertible top raiser and so on.
Задание 4. Изложите основное содержание текста с помощью данной ниже схемы-плана.
1. The engine is... 2. In general, internal-combustion engines are used...
3. Sometimes the carburettor engines are called... 4. Another difference results from...
5. The chassis includes... 6. The power train carries the power...
7. The body has...
Зачетное задание. 7 семестр. 4 курс. (ОТ. ПТМ)
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Задание 1. Просмотрите слова, необходимые для понимания текста
Engine mechanism
machine [mə′ʃI:n] energy
combustion [ kəm′bʌstʃən] fuel
cylinder automobile
equip source
petroleum [pi′trouljəm] нефть
gasoline [′gæsəli:n] бензин kerosene
installation [instə′leiʃən] установка
heat engine- тепловой двигатель
to convert energy into mechanical work - превращать энергию в механическую работу
internal combustion engine;
to produce expansion - производить расширение
to generate steam for a steam engine - вырабатывать пар для парового двигателя.
natural gas - природный газ source of motive power - источник движущей энергии
to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot; - поддерживать очень маленькое пламя во вспомогательном устройстве; power installations - силовые установки
Задание 2. Прочтите текст . 2-STROKE AND 4-STROKE ENGINES. Преведите на русский язык
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All motor vehicles have an engine. There are two types of engine. There are petrol engines and there are diesel engines. There are three engines in the diagram. There is a 2-stroke petrol engine on the left. There is a 4-stroke petrol engine in the middle and there is a 4-stroke diesel engine on the right
There are spark plugs in both the petrol engines. There are spark plugs in all petrol engines. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs. They have fuel injectors.
There are valves in both the 4-stroke engines. There are always valves in 4-stroke engines. There are no valves in the 2-stroke petrol engine. A 2-stroke petrol engine never has valves. There is no oil sump in the 2-stroke engine. There is oil in the fuel. Both the 4-stroke engines have an oil sump. There is no oil in the fuel.
Задание 3. Прочтите текст " Types of Engines" и расскажите (напишите) на русском языке: 1. О видах двигателя. 2. Об источниках энергии. 3. О паровых машинах.
TYPES OF ENGINES
One modern dictionary defines an engine as any mechanism or machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work. There may be steam engines, internal combustion engines, etc.
A steam engine is an external combustion engine, as the fuel is burned outside it.
An internal combustion engine burns the fuel inside the engine cylinder to produce expansion which is turned into power.
Heat is a form of energy, and all automobiles are equipped with some form of heat engine. The source of the energy may be coal, wood, petroleum products, etc. For convenience, it is usually petroleum products in the form of gasoline, gas or oil. Any of these materials can be used to generate steam for a steam engine. For internal combustion engines natural gas can be used. Petroleum is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power, as the heat energy can be converted directly from the fuel into power by burning it in a cylinder. In a steam engine the fuel is burned to create steam from water and the steam furnishes the expansive force for the engine. Many steam automobiles were built in the early years of the automobile. The steam cars used kerosene to heat the water to make steam and also used a small quantity of gasoline to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot, which initiated combustion of the kerosene. Now the steam engine is rarely used in automobile business, but it is still in the use in locomotives and in other power installations.
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Задание 4. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.
1. What is an engine? 2. What kinds of engines do you know? 3. Why is a steam engine considered an external combustion engine? 4. Where does an internal combustion engine burn the fuel? 5. What sources of energy do you know? 6. What is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power? 7. Was the steam engine used in automobiles? 8. Where is the steam engine used now?
№ 24 Задание для самостоятельной работы по теме «Легко ли быть молодым»
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