Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания
internal-combustion engine, the pistons, undesirable effects, lubricating properties, diminishes and the power of the engine drops, ensuring, the heated inner walls, the plug, a two-way steam-air valve, the cooler drops, circulation, low-power types, cooling system.
2. Переведите следующий абзац
To enable the engine to operate normally, the temperature of the cooling water should be maintained at 80-90 irrespective of the load and the temperature of the environment. For this purpose and also to speed up the warming of the engine in starting, provision is made for adjusting the cooling rate which can be varied by changing the volume of the air stream passing through the cooler and also by changing the rate of water circulation.
Закончите предложения, выбрав их из текста
1) The cooling system consists of the aggregate of all the devices…
2) Cooling systems may be open or closed. In the first case, the volume of the system is…
3) Cooling systems may be open or closed. In the first case, the volume of the system is…
4) To enable the engine to operate normally, the temperature of the cooling water should be…
5) In addition to water cooling, modern international-combustion engines, especially…
Lubricating System
Lubricants may be supplied to rubbing surfaces by splashing, by gravity or under pressure. Modern engines generally have lubrication systems in which all the three methods are simultaneously employed.
The lubrication systems of various engines and how they work differ but little at present. Pressure is used to lubricate main and crankpin bearings of crankshafts, piston pins, crankshaft bushes, timing gears and valve rocker arms. The rest of the parts are splash lubricated.
Gear oil pump delivers oil through channel and oil line to coarse-mesh filter. After passing through the coarse-mesh filter the oil passes under the cap of fine-mesh filter. With the engine warmed up, the oil flows farther along oil line to oil cooler mounted in front of the water cooler. The cooled oil returns to the filter unit and then to central main.
Oil pumps employed in engines can be subdivided into three types – gear, rotary and plunger. Gear pumps are the simplest and most reliable in operation and are therefore the most widespread. They are mounted on all modern Russian engines.
Filters remove the products of wear, particles of carbon, resin and dust and other mechanical impurities from the lubricant. Three types of filters – gauze, coarse-mesh and fine-mesh – are installed in modern engines.
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Oil coolers are used in many automotive engines. They are mounted outside as a rule, near the water cooler, and serviced by a common fan. In this case the design of the oil and water coolers is almost identical.
Control instruments indicate the condition of oil in the system.
Задания:
1. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:
Lubricants, splashing, gravity, pressure, lubrication systems, piston pins, timing gears, valve rocker, Gear oil pump, coarse-mesh filter, plunger, widespread, fine-mesh, carbon, condition
Закончите предложения, выбрав их из текста
1. Modern engines generally have ….
2. Gear oil pump delivers oil through channel and oil line to…
3. Oil pumps employed in engines can be subdivided into three types…
4. Oil coolers are used in…
Transmission GENERAL-PURPOSE MECHANISM
A large number of machines differing in purpose, principle and design are provided with mechanisms which perform similar functions. Among such mechanisms are transmissions, which are combinations of parts for conveying energy from the prime mover to the operating members. Transmissions can be classified as follows:
a) by the mode of energy transmission: mechanical, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic and combination types
b) by the mode of energy distribution: to one, two or several operating members
c) by operating conditions: continuous or intermittent
In electric, hydraulic or pneumatic transmissions the mechanical energy obtained from the prime mover should be converted by a generator unit into the kind of energy employed in the given transmission.
Direct current for the mechanism servicing engines is produced by a generator unit consisting of an electric current generator rotated by a diesel or by an a-c electric motor powered from the mains.
Direct current gives much better possibilities for adjusting the speed and changing the torque of the engine when the machine operates under variable load.
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Задания:
1. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:
Functions, transmissions, mechanical, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic and combination types, energy distribution, continuous or intermittent, prime mover, rotated, adjusting, torque, under variable load.
2. Закончите предложения, выбрав их из текста
1. Among such mechanisms are…
2. By the mode of energy transmission…
3. In electric, hydraulic or pneumatic transmissions the mechanical energy obtained from the…
4. Direct current gives much better possibilities for adjusting the speed and changing the torque…
3. Переведите на русский язык встречающие в тексте интернациональные слова:
Mechanism, transmissions, classified, mechanical, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic and combination types, energy, a generator, diesel,
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