Find the English equivalents in the text.
Мы, народы Объединенных Наций (1); вновь утвердить веру в основные права человека (1); обеспечивать уважение к международному праву (1); исполнительный комитет (2); вспомогательные органы (4); совещательный орган (5); очередная сессия (box 1); предоставлять широкие полномочия (6); международные разногласия (6); избираться ГА на двухлетний срок (7); правило «единогласия великих держав» (box 2); вопросы процедуры (box 2); вопросы по существу (box 2); применять санкции (2); право вето (box 2); приостановить деятельность (9); горячая точка (12); неотъемлемая часть международного сообщества (13); постоянно нуждаться в усовершенствовании (14).
Translate into English using the Active Vocabulary.
1. Организация Объединенных Наций была создана по окончании Второй мировой войны с целью предотвращения новой мировой войны, а также с тем, чтобы внести вклад в дело мира и безопасности.
2. Целью ООН является поддержание мира между народами и разрешение всех спорных вопросов путем переговоров.
3. Штаб-квартира ООН находится в Нью-Йорке с филиалами в Париже, Риме и Женеве.
4. Чрезвычайная сессия ООН может быть созвана Генеральным секретарем ООН по просьбе Совета Безопасности или по решению большинства членов Генеральной Ассамблеи.
5. 10 непостоянных членов СБ ООН избираются ГА сроком на 2 года.
6. Внеочередная или чрезвычайная сессия ООН может быть созвана в течение 24 часов с момента начала конфликта.
7. Все резолюции Совета Безопасности обязательными для выполнения всеми государствами-членами.
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8. Если тот или иной спор приводит к военным действиям, то Совет стремится, прежде всего, как можно скорее положить им конец.
9. Деятельность по поддержанию мира является одним из наиболее эффективных инструментов, имеющихся в распоряжении ООН для оказания помощи странам, переживающим сложный период выхода из конфликтной ситуации.
10. Правительство введет чрезвычайное положение только в крайнем случае.
Translate from sight.
A The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that was formed shortly after World War II. It was to become the successor to the League of Nations, which was established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 to promote international cooperation, peace, and security. The League of Nations ceased (=stopped) its operations after it was unable to stop World War II.
Representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco in 1945, where they drafted the proposed United Nations Charter. The representatives signed the Charter on June 26 1945, which was then ratified on October 24, 1945 by the United Kingdom, the United States, France, China, and the Soviet Union, and by a majority of the other member States. While the UN initially had a respectable 51 member states (the 51st state was Poland, who was not represented at the UN Conference), its membership has grown to 193 member states as of 2014.
The title “United Nations” was first used by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as a description for the Allied Forces of the Second World War. In April of 1945, the representatives from 50 countries convened in San Francisco to draft the United Nations Charter. Called the United Nations Conference on International Organization, this event was where the Charter was signed. On October 24th, 1945 it was ratified and this marks the day the U.N. was officially born.
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B Born out of the ashes of the League of Nations following the beginning of World War II, the United Nations is an international organization dedicated to world peace and safety. Originally comprised of 51 countries, today that number has swelled (=increased in size) to almost 200 nations working together toward economic development and social advancement. One of its earliest resolutions called for the elimination of nuclear weapons. Throughout its history, the organization has been both praised and condemned, receiving awards and criticism for its effort.
The organization is charged with upholding international laws and human rights, as well as ensuring worldwide security, economic development, and social advancement. It is separated into a number of administrative divisions that deal with specific subjects. A few examples include the General Assembly, Security Council, World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund.
Throughout its history, the United Nations has handled a number of international incidents and fulfilled its commitments in a variety of ways. The group’s first resolution came in 1946, when it called for the elimination of nuclear weapons. It also stepped in when North Korean forces invaded South Korea in 1950, as well as during the Suez Crisis of 1956.
C The United Nations came into being in 1945, following the devastation of the Second World War, with one central mission: the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN does this by working to prevent conflict; helping parties in conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. These activities often overlap and should reinforce one another, to be effective. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security. The General Assembly and the Secretary-General play major, important, and complementary (=взаимодополняющие) roles, along with other UN offices and bodies. The most effective way to diminish human suffering and the massive economic costs of conflicts and their aftermath is to prevent conflicts in the first place. The United Nations plays an important role in conflict prevention, using diplomacy and mediation. Among the tools the Organization uses to bring peace are special envoys and political missions in the field (=на местах).
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D There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, in both spoken and written form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise communication on issues of global importance.
A delegate may speak in any official UN language. The speech is interpreted simultaneously into the other official languages of the UN. At times, a delegate may choose to make a statement using a non-official language. In such cases, the delegation must provide either an interpretation or a written text of the statement in one of the official languages. Most UN documents are issued in all six official languages, requiring translation from the original document.
Multilingualism enables communication between the UN's linguistically and culturally diverse Member States within the meeting rooms and halls of the UN. By promoting tolerance, multilingualism also ensures increased participation of all Member States in the Organization’s work, as well as greater effectiveness, better outcomes and more involvement.
E UN Secretary General Kofi Annan (former UN Secretary General, served from 1997 to 2006) has laid out his ideas in front of the General Assembly in what could be seen as the start of the negotiations leading to a summit of UN heads of state and government in September.
| It is generally felt that this is the year of decision for the UN, which has been reeling (to reel=to be confused or shocked by a situation) from the rows over the US-led invasion of Iraq and from the corruption in the Iraqi oil-for-food programme (программа ООН « Нефть в обмен на продовольствие »). |
Reform has the dual challenge of re-establishing confidence in the UN itself and of re-engaging its largest member, the United States. Mr Annan called for radical reform, including expansion of the Security Council this year, new rules on when military action can be used, reform of the UN's human rights body and a convention against terrorism next year. He is drawing on (draw on=to use information, experience, knowledge etc for a particular purpose) two reports delivered to him over the past few months and which he had previously welcomed.
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F NATO: brief profile
Formed in 1949 to counter the threat of post-war communist expansion as the Soviet Union sought to extend its influence in Europe, NATO - the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - is the world's most powerful regional defence alliance.
NATO is an alliance of 28 countries bordering the North Atlantic Ocean. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization includes Canada, the United States, Turkey and most members of the European Union. It has traditionally stated its general aim as being to "safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization" of its members by promoting "stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area". NATO’s Article 5 states that an armed attack against one of its member-states shall be considered an attack against them all, and that they will come to the aid of one another.
Together, the Permanent Members form the North Atlantic Council, the principal political decision-making body of NATO. The meetings of the North Atlantic Council are chaired by the Secretary General of NATO and, when decisions have to be made, action is agreed upon on the basis of unanimity and common accord. There is no voting or decision by majority. Each nation represented at the Council table or on any of its subordinate committees retains complete sovereignty and responsibility for its own decisions.
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