Box 2. Veto power (“The Great Power unanimity”)
Each UN Security Council member has one vote. Decisions on procedural matters (for example, whether an issue is to be discussed by the UNSC at all) require the support of at least nine of the fifteen members.
Decisions on substantive matters (for example, a decision calling for direct measures to settle an international dispute or to employ sanctions) also require nine votes, but these must include the votes of all five permanent members. This is the rule of “Great Power unanimity”, often referred to as the “veto power”.
8. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is assigned the task of organizing the UN's work on economic and social matters and the promotion of human rights. It consists of 54 members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly.
9. The Trusteeship Council operated the UN trusteeship system established under the Charter. The Trusteeship Council voted in 1994 to suspend operation, convening only at the request of its President, a majority of its member states, the General Assembly, or the Security Council.
10. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946. The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (USA). It consists of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Council voting independently. The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
11. The UN Secretariat serves the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programs and policies laid down by them. At its head is the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a renewable five-year term.
12. The role of the Secretariat is multifaceted, ranging from the day-to-day administration of its various economic and social programs to crisis diplomacy and overseeing the work of UN peacekeeping forces in the trouble spots of the world.
Final remark
13. With all its achievements and shortcomings, the UN remains an indispensable part of the global community of the early twenty-first century. If it suddenly disappeared millions of people around the world would soon be worse off. That, alone, is sufficient cause for upholding and supporting the UN.
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14. The UN cannot and should not be expected to offer solutions to all of the world’s ills. It does much good humanitarian work and often provides ways of easing tension and solving crises. It often enables people stuck in poverty to improve their lot. The UN is hardly perfect. But it remains an indispensable organization even as its behavior and effectiveness is in constant need of improvement.
Comprehension questions.
- What does the UN seek to achieve in the area of international relations?
2. What entities does the UN “family” comprise and cooperate with?
- Enumerate the main organs of the UN.
- What is the UN Security Council tasked with? What is its prerogative?
- What is the composition of the Security Council?
- What does the rule of ‘the great power unanimity’ imply?
- What is the main purpose of the General Assembly?
- What are some shortcomings of the General Assembly?
- Give examples of the activities that the Secretariat is engaged in.
- What are the reasons for the UN’s continued existence?
Complete the table.
The main UN organs and their functions
| the Security Council | © .............................................................................................. |
| the General Assembly | © the main ............................. and plenary organ © ............................. resolutions © .............................................................................................. |
| the Economic and Social Council | © .............................................................................................. © coordinates the work of ....................................................... |
| the International Court of Justice | © .............................................................................................. © provides ............................. to the UN institutions |
| the Secretariat | (headed by the Secretary-General) © ............................. the administrative work of the UN |
4. Find the words in the text that relate to the topic the United Nations and translate them into Russian.
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