I.3. Classification of English and Russian proverbs and sayings.
Carrying out our research on English and Russian proverbs and sayings we decided to classify them according to topical meanings and possibility of their translation in both languages.
For the learners of English it’s worth saying that they should understand not only the metaphorical sense of proverbs and sayings well, but possess the phraseological richness of the language.
Proverbs and sayings are various, so they can be found in every sphere of human life. To prove the suggested classification according to topical meanings we have chosen three main topics:1- love and friendship; 2 - labour; 3 - animals. In its turn these topical proverbs and sayings can be divided into three groups:
· The 1st group includes English and Russian proverbs and sayings whose metaphorical sense and lexical means are similar.
· English and Russian proverbs and sayings whose metaphorical senses are similar, but lexical means are different belong to the 2nd group.
· The 3rd group consists of English and Russian proverbs and sayings whose metaphorical sense and imagery are different.
None of us can live without love and friendship. Many English and Russian proverbs and sayings are devoted to these tender and strong feelings. They show us that for both nations love and friendship is a great, strong and priceless thing.
Here are some examples of English and Russian proverbs and sayings belonging to thefirst group of classification:
Love in a cottage. – Literal translation: любовь в деревенском доме.
In Russian it is similar to: С милым рай и в шалаше . Metaphorical sense: С любимым человеком не страшны никакие житейские невзгоды.
Love me, love my dog. – Literal translation: Любишь меня, люби и собаку мою.
In Russian it is similar to: Кто гостю рад, тот и собачку его накормит. Metaphoricalsense: Люби меня со всеми недостатками.
A friend in need is a friend indeed. – Literal translation: друг в нужде, настоящийдруг. In Russian it is similar to: Друг познается в беде .
A friend is never known till needed. – Literal translation: друга никогда не узнаешь, пока в нем не нуждаешься. In Russian it is similar to: Без беды друга не узнаешь.Неиспытанный друг ненадежен. Metaphorical sense: настоящий друг в любой ситуации придет на помощь.
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Friends are all right when they don't interfere with your career. - Literal translation:Друзья хороши, когда они не вмешаются в твои дела. In Russian it is similar to: Дружба дружбой , а служба службой. Metaphorical sense : дружеские связи не должны влиять на служебные отношения.
Lend your money and lose your friend. Literal translation: дай свои деньги и ты потеряешь друга. In Russian it is similar to: Дружба дружбой, а денежки врозь.Metaphorical sense: Хочешь потерять друга, дай ему денег в долг.
These English and Russian proverbs and sayings show us that for both nations love and friendship are great, strong and priceless things which acquire affection, carefulness and devotion.
Labour is appreciated by both nations. We find many English and Russian proverbs and sayings praising liking for hard work, education and diligence and convicting laziness and foolishness.
A burden of one's own choice is not felt.
Literal translation: груз, который сам выбрал, несешь не чувствуя.
In Russian it is similar to: Своя ноша не тянет . Metaphorical sense: if you chose your work yourself, it would not be difficult to you.
A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
Literal translation: плохое начало ведет к плохому концу
In Russian it is similar to: Плохому началу — плохой конец, или плохое начало не к доброму концу. Metaphorical sense: as you will begin work, so you will finish it.
Не that will eat the kernel must crack the nut.
Literal translation: кто хочет есть орехи, тот должен их колоть.
In Russian it is similar to: не разгрызешь ореха — не съешь и ядра .
Metaphorical sense: if you want something to turn out, you should work.
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