Exercise 10. Match the following English expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents.
Breach of prison a) «промислова» тюрма
Closed prison b) той, хто втік з тюрми
Industrial prison c) втекти з тюрми
Open prison d) винести вирок до тюремного ув’язнення
Prison bar e) відбувати покарання в тюрмі
Prison breaker f) перевиховання або навчання ув’язнених
Prison education g) втеча з тюрми, втеча з-під варти
Prison lawyer h) тюремна камера
Prison term i) тюремні грати
Prison ward j) тюремне ув’язнення, тюремний термін
To be sent to prison k) тюремний юрист
To do one’s time (in prison) l) тюрма закритого типу
To escape from prison m) тюрма відкритого типу (яка не охороняється)
GRAMMAR
Adjective. Degrees of Comparison
| Нульовий ступінь порівняння | Вищий ступінь порівняння | Найвищий ступінь порівняння | |
| I | long easy | longer easier | (the) longest (the) easiest |
| II | interesting beautiful | more interesting more beautiful | (the) most interesting (the) most beautiful |
| III | good bad much, many little | better worse more less | (the) best (the) worst (the) most (the) least |
Exercise 11. Change the following word combinations using comparative and superlative degrees of comparison of adjectives.
| a short story | an old book | a good friend |
| a large garden | late news | much snow |
| a beautiful flower | a comfortable flat | bad weather |
| a big table | an easy question | little time |
| a high building | clean water | many cars |
| a difficult exercise | thin ice | few mistakes |
| a new dress | a thick dictionary |
Exercise 12. Open the brackets , using necessary form of adjective.
1. Her eyes are (grey) than mine.
2. He was the (fat) man in the village.
3. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and (heavy).
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4. My sister is the (tall) girl in her class.
5. Who is the (attentive) student in your group?
6. It is autumn. Every day the air becomes (cold), the leaves (yellow).
7. This is the (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life.
8. Your handwriting is now (good) than it was last year; but still it is not so (good) as Nick's handwriting. Nick has a (good) handwriting than you. And of course Nellie has the (good) handwriting of all.
9. Oil is (light) than water.
10. We shall wait for a (dry) day to go on the excursion.
11. A bus is (fast) than a tram.
12. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box.
13. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he listened to it, he became (angry) and (angry).
14. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer.
15. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California.
Exercise 13. Complete the Grammar test.
1. I met my (good) friend yesterday
A goddest
B better
C best
2. Dorothy is (young) in her family.
A the youngest
B the younger
C young
3. Henry is not (strong) his elder brother Bob.
A so strong as
B strong as
C stronger
4. – It isn’t very warm today, is it?
- No, it was (warm) yesterday.
A more warm
B warmer
C the warmest
5. Your friend looked upset yesterday. I’m glad he looks (happy) today.
A more happy
B happier
C happy as
6. Where is (near) post-office, please?
A the nearest
B the next
C nearer
7. That’s (good) film I’ve ever seen.
A a good
B the goodest
C the best
8. Public transport in London is (expensive) in Europe.
A the expensivest
B the most expensive
C more expensive
9. Do you think Americans are (nice) English people?
A nicer than
B the nicest
C nice than
10. The 22nd of December is (short) day of the year.
A the short
B the shorter
C the shortest
11. This is (old) theatre in London.
A an older
B the oldest
C the eldest
12. Pluto is (cold) of all the planets.
A the coldest
B coldest
C colder
13. My (old) sister doesn’t live with us.
A older
B elder
C oldest
14. The problem was (serious) we expected.
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A seriouser than
B more serious than
C serious then
15. Go to the library if you need (far) information.
A farther
B further
C farer
Additional text
Exercise 14. Read, translate and discuss the text.
Present-Day Penal Institutions
Modern prisons are quite diverse, but it is possible to make some generalisations about them. In all but minimum-security prisons, the task of maintaining physical custody of the prisoners is usually given the highest priority and is likely to dominate all other concerns. Barred cells and locked doors, periodic checking of cells, searches for contraband, and detailed regulation of inmates’ movements about the prison are all undertaken to prevent escapes. In order to forestall thievery, drug and alcohol use, violent assaults, rapes, and other types of prison crime, the inmates are subjected to rules governing every aspect of life; these do much to give the social structure of the prison its authoritarian character.
The need to maintain security within prisons has prompted many countries to separate their penal institutions into categories of maximum, medium and minimum security. Convicted offenders are assigned to a particular category on the basis of the seriousness or violent nature of their offence, the length of their sentence, their proneness escape, and other considerations. Within a prison, the inmates are often classified into several categories and housed in corresponding cellblocks according to the security risk posed by each individual. Younger offenders are usually held in separate penal institutions that provide a stronger emphasis on treatment and correction.
Prisons generally succeed in the twin purposes of isolating the criminal from society and punishing him for his crime, but the higher goal of rehabilitation is not as easily attained. An offender’s time in prison is usually reduced as a reward for good behaviour and conscientious performance at work. The privilege of receiving visits from family members and friends from the outside world exists in almost all penal systems.
Exercise 15 . Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions. Make up sentences of your own:
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• conscientious performance at work
• proneness to escape
• security risk
• to forestall thievery
• to give smth. the highest priority
• to maintain security within prisons
• a framed member of court
• a notable inmate
• a notorious traitor
• a politically related crime
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