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Boom Towns
Cities usually have a logical reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for instance, is near a large harbor at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost over night. In 1896 Dawson, Canada was unmapped wilderness. But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson didn't have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They traveled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The trail to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could collapse without warning. An avalanche once closed the trail, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich you were, Dawson was never comfortable. The instant city of tents and cabins offered few luxuries. And necessities like food and wood were very expensi ve. A visiting reporter from the London Chronicle wrote, "It is all unreal - a sawhorse metropolis where no town should be. Millionaires to busy to bathe". But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard rumors of new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson city as quickly as they had come. One third left the first week, and the rest soon followed. Today, people still come and go - to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson city - its current population is 762.
71. Wby do rivers and ports often attract people?
A) easy to get water
B) they are beautiful
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C) easy to get to and suited to communications and trade
D) people like to fish
E) they like to bathe
72. How many people out of the first 20 .000 became rich? A) 4000
B) 5000
C) 7000
D) 6000
E) 2000
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73. What sort of town was Dawson during the period of Canadian gold Rush?
A) city of important offices
B) city of banks
C) city of tents and cabins
D) city offashionable houses
E) city of saloons and inns
74. What kind of necessities were very expensive in Dawson?
A) food and wood
B) food and clothes
C) food and carts
D) food and water
E) food and wool
75. Why did people leave Dawson City?
A) because of the plague
B) unbearable living conditions
C) all gold had been found
D) all people got their portion of gold
E) because of the earthquake
76. Where was the new gold discovered?
A) in Arizona
B) in Alabama
C) in Abilene
D) in Alaska
E) in Arizona
77. What is the chief industry of Dawson City now?
A) tourism
B) farming
C) gardening
D) mining
E) fishing
78. 'What is the current population of Dawson? A) 762
B) 662
C) 562
D) 862
E) 462
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We Can Help
The variety of choices that modem life offers can create problems.
People get too hurried, have trouble communicating, and often find they are incapable of planning and organizing their lives effectively. Luckily, there are some services that one can tum to for help. A woman in New York City is a professional timesaver. Millie of "Let Millie Do It" can be hired to wait for repairmen, drive children to appointments, meet relatives at the airport, pay bills, or shop. She will also water plants, take care of pets, and do certain kinds of house- cleaning. For big cleaning jobs, however, it's best to get in touch with "Disaster Masters," another New York City firm. They will take care of any kind of household mess, but specialize in cleaning up after fires and floods. This includes, of course, restoring damaged walls, floors, and furniture.
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People with a communication problem might want to use Lipservice, a California firm that provides "verbal proxy." If you have something to say but can't say it for some reason, Lipservice will say it for you. The company's staff can tell someone off, or say "I love you" in eight languages and has done so for clients in such places as Texas, Canada, England, and Australia. For offbeat entertainment, people in California can contact a young professional whistler. He usually gives concerts, but, for a fee, he will entertain at a private party by whistling the works of classical composers. If popular music is more appropriate, the imaginative host can hire the Human Jukebox. This man sits inside a large cardboard box. Then a coin is dropped into the box, he pops out and plays the selected tune on a trumpet.
Disorganized people can go to a "time-management consultant" who will tell them how to do more in less time, providing of course they take the advice. Insecure dressers can ask a wardrobe engineer for advice on how to dress in order to project their most favorable image, and daydreamers can liven up their existence by calling Fantasy Fulfillment, a firm that makes fantasies come true. For $150 and up, things l ike driving a race car, riding a camel, or living in a ghost town can be easily
realized. Last, but not least, a British consultant has started a "School of Thinking." This school helps you deal effectively with all the people who want to help out, for a pncc.
79. Why do people need special kinds of services?
A) people get too hurried, have trouble communicating
B) people get too egoistic
C) people become too lazy
D) people get too weak
E) people get too selfish
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80. The company can tell "I love you" in ...
A) seven languages
B) eight languages
C) five languages
D) nine languages
E) six languages
81. Who may be invited for offbeat entertainment?
A) professional wrestler
B) professional whistler
C) professional weightlifter
D) professional conductor
E) professional singer
82. Where do disorganized people go?
A) a ''time-entertainment clerk"
B) a "foreteller"
C) a ''time-manual council"
D) a ''time-management consultant"
E) a "psychiatrist"
83. What firm makes fantasies come true?
A) "Family Fulfillment"
B) "Fancy Fulfillment"
C) "Fairy Fulfillment"
D) "Fantasy Fulfillment"
E) "Fantasy Fulment"
84. How much does it cost to invite the firm?
A) for $350 and up
B) for $200 and up
C) for $250 and up
D) for $100 and up
E) for $150 and up
85. What school helps to deal effectively with all the people who want to help out for a price?
A) "School of Dreaming"
B) "School of Desiring"
C) "School of Supporting"
D) "School of Achieving"
E) "School of Thinking"
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Text
Read the text and find the right answers:
The World Wide Web (WWW, or Web for short) has taken over the Internet.
Indeed, for many people it is the Internet.
Originally, the Internet, and the WWW, was an altruistic environment. It was made up mostly of academics and military types who created a community where infonnation was readily available. Everything was free of charge and no one would have dreamed about trying to sell a product or their services. The only restriction you were likely to come across was a denial of access if you didn't have a password for sensitive information. But when the Net, and in particular the Web, became popular all of that changed.
With so many 'ordinary' people starting to surf the Web as a pastime, it didn't take Jong for Big Business to see it as a new way of selling around the globe. Simply by putting their products onto a computer they found that they can make customers to shop at their leisure and buy their products without leaving their own home. It also captured the imagination of educators as a way of getting quite detailed information across to a large audience.
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Before joining the World Wide Web you may have wondered what the word "browser" meant. But it was the introduction of these browsers, used to navigate the WWW, which took away the cold, dry collection of command that computers need to speak to one another. So instead of having to type long commands and make a choice from plain text menus, browsers which are programs themselves let you use your mouse to link to any information. It is the arrival of browsers that opened the Internet to everyone.
By simply lifting one finger (and pressing it down) we can get information on any subject. And to access this information no technical understanding is needed. What is more, we can access it when we want, at any time. There is no viewing schedule for the Web.
The most obvious item required for access to the WWW is, of course, a computer. The single most important piece of equipment for connection to the WWW is Modem.
86. Wbat does the abbreviation WWW mean?
A) Wide World Web.
B) Wide Web World.
C) Web World Wide.
D) Web Wide World.
E) World Wide Web.
87. How can we get info on any subject by?
A) Turning on the computer.
B) Simple lifting one finger.
C) By using the modem.
D) By using the switching off the computer.
E) Ringing up.
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88. What was the WWW originally made of?
A) Military types.
B) Educators.
C) Academics and military types.
D) Academics.
E) Educators and military types.
89. What was needed for accessing information?
A) A card.
B) A password.
C) A license.
D) A key.
E) A fee.
90. What captured the imagination of educators?
A) Software.
B) Modem.
C) Internet.
D) A mouse.
E) Monitor.
91. How did 'ordinary' people use the Web?
A) As ajob.
B) As a way of getting money.
C) As a way of getting education.
D) As a profit.
E) As a pastime.
92. When can we access necessary information on the WWW?
A) At night time.
B) At restricted time.
C) During work time.
D) At day time.
E) At any time.
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Modern Sun Worshippers
People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their picture taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on. "
Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because the have so little of it. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them . Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun!
The huge crowds mean lot's of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy's 30,000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spain's long, sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living in Spain.
But there are signs that the area is getting more tourists than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism, it's getting worse. The French can't figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St.Tropez. And in many places, swimming is dangerous because of pollution.
None of this, however, is spoiling anyone's fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously, they don't go there for clean water and solitude. They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. They don't even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is, the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines, it's still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin, London, or Oslo.
93. According to the text. People don't travel:
A) to see shrines
B) to have their picture taken in front of famous places
C) to see battlefields
D) to work
E) to lie one a sunny beach
94. What is the biggest disadvantage in the Mediterranean sea?
A) killer-whales
B) pollution
C) sand
D) sea plants
E) crocodiles
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95. Why don't tourists mind pollution and crowded beaches?
A) they have the same problems at home
B) they all come for the sun
C) they like to travel on a sailing ship
D) they all some to taste specific cuicine
E) they are offered special entertainments
96. What is the most polluted place in France?
A) Poole
B) St. Tropez
C) Luton
D) Paris
E) Mentone
97. What city besides Berlin and London is considered rainy?
A) Ohio
B) Ontario
C) Oxford
D) Ottawa
E) Oslo
98. What do tourists have to tolerate?
A) sunburns
B) high prices
C) traffic jams
D) local food
E) theft
99. What looks still beautiful. ..?
A) airport
B) the coastline
C) railway station
D) architecture
E) main road
l 00. In ma.11y places, swimming is dangerous ....
A) because of ships
B) because of sharks
C) because of wind
D) because of pollution
E) because of fog
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