Кафедра английского языка Курс ГАК
Наименование дисциплины Английский язык
Приложение к экзаменационному билету № 7
No one wants to live to be a hundred
It is only natural to look forward to something better. Things may never really improve, but at least we always hope they will. It is one of life’s great ironies that the longer we live, the less there is to look forward to. Riterement may bring with it the fulfillment of lifetime’s dreams. At
Last there will be time to do all things we never had time for. From then on the dreams fades.Who wants to live long enough to become a doddering wreck? Who wants to revert to that most dreaded of all human conditions, a second childhood? Well, it seems that everybody wants to. The Biblical span of 3 score years and ten is simply not enough. Medical science is doing all it can to extend human life and is succeeding brilliantly. Living conditions are so much better that life expectation has increased enormously. But is it a good thing to extend human sufferin, to prolong life not in order to give joy but to give pain and sorrow? Take the case of a man who is so senile he has lost all his faculties. He is in hospital in an unconscious state with little chance of coming round, but he is kept alive by artificial means for an indefinite period. His friends, relatives, even the doctors agree that death will bring release. Yet everything is done to perpetuate what has become a meaningless existence.
The question of euthanasia raises serious moral issues, since it implies that active measures will be taken to terminate human life. And this an exceedingly dangerous principle to allow. But might it not be possible to compromise? With regard to senility, it might be preferable to let nature take its course when death will relieve suffering. After all, this would be doing no more than was done in the past, before medical science made it possible to interfere with the course of nature.
There are old people in Afghanistan and Russia who are reputed to live to a ripe old age. These exceptionally robust individuals are just getting into their stride at 70. Cases have been reported of men over 120 getting married and having children. Some of these people are said to be over 150 years old. Under such exceptional conditions who wouldn’t want to go on living forever? But in our societies to be 70 usually means you are old; to be 90 often means that you are decrepit. The instinct for self-preservation is the strongest we possess. We cling dearly to life while we have it and enjoy it. But there always comes a time when we’d be better off dead.
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Get into one’s stride – to become comfortable with one’s job so to be able to do it continuously and well
Экзаменационный билет утвержден на заседании кафедры
« » ___________ 2010 г. Зав. кафедрой________________
МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ им. М.А.Шолохова
Кафедра английского языка Курс ГАК
Наименование дисциплины Английский язык
Приложение к экзаменационному билету № 6
Britain has world’s worst rate of asthma
Britain has a world’s highest level of asthma, according to a major global survey, with as many as nine million people who have now suffered from the disease.
The finding by the Global initiative for Asthma (Gina) – an umbrella group of the world’s leading experts in the disease – is based on the most exhaustive study so far of asthma’s growth into one of the planet’s most serious chronic illnesses.
About 300 million people world-wide have the disease, but Gina has predicted that number could leap to 450 million within 20 years because of creeping urbanization and industrialisation.
The study has confirmed that one Briton in six – or 16 per cent of the population – is either a chronic asthmatic or has suffered from it during their lives. The figure is highest in Scotland, where nearly one person in five – 18.4 per cent – is estimated to have had the disease.
The report’s conclusions – published on Tuesday to mark World Asthma Day – come after several of Britain’s most respected experts accused the Government of failing to treat asthma as a major public health problem. Speaking last week at a Royal Society of Medicine conference co-sponsored by The independent of Sunday, they called on the Secretary of State for Health, John Reid, to give asthma a much higher priority.
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The sharpest criticisms came from Professor Stephen Holgate, the Government’s senior adviser on air pollution and a world expert on asthma genetics. He told the audience that asthma and other respiratory illnesses had to be treated on the same level as cancer and heart disease. The UK’s world-leading rates of childhood asthma, disclosed in the same survey were “totally unacceptable”, he said.
In his opening speech at the conference, professor Holgate said the UK also had the second highest incidence of all lung diseases in Europe.
In March, Mr Reid said asthma would feature prominently in a new plan to focus on chronic disease, alongside diabetes, and his officials have made asthma a higher priority for GPs.
However, despite evidence that more than 5.2 million Britons suffer at any one time from asthma and 1,400 die each year. The Independent on Sunday has found that only about 5m a year is spent on asthma research – far less than on other major diseases.
Экзаменационный билет утвержден на заседании кафедры
« »____________ 2010 г. Зав. кафедрой ______________
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