МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ им. М.А.Шолохова
Кафедра английского языка Курс ГАК
Наименование дисциплины английский язык
Приложение к экзаменационному билету № 15
I believe, without undue modesty, that I have certain qualifications to write on "how to be an alien". I am an alien myself. What is more I have been an alien all my life. Only during the first twenty-six years of my life I was not aware of this plain fact. I was living in my own country, a country full of aliens, and I noticed nothing peculiar or irregular of myself. Then I came to England. Like all great and important discoveries it was a matter of a few seconds. You probably all know from your school days how Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation. An apple fell on his head. This incident set him thinking for a minute or two, then he exclaimed joyfully: "Of course! The gravitation constant is the acceleration per second that a mass of one gram causes at a distance of one centimeter." You were also taught that James Watt one day went into the kitchen where cabbage was cooking and saw the lid of the saucepan rise and fall. Then he struck his forehead and the steam engine was discovered. It was the same with me, although circumstances were rather different.
It was like this. Some years ago I spent a lot of time with a young lady who was very proud and conscious of being English. Once she asked me -- to my great surprise -- whether I would to marry her. "No," I replied, "I will not. My mother would never agree to my marrying a foreigner." She looked at me a little astonished and irritated, and retorted: "I, a foreigner? What a silly thing to say. I am English. You are the foreigner. And your mother, too." I did not give in. "In Budapest, too?" I asked her. "Everywhere," she declared with determination. "Truth does not depend on geography. What is true in England is also true in Hungary and in North Borneo and Venezuela and everywhere."
I was startled and upset. Mainly because of my mother whom I loved and respected. Now, I suddenly realized what she really was. It was a shame and bad taste to be an alien, and there is no way out of it. A criminal may improve and become a decent member of society. A foreigner cannot improve. Once a foreigner, always a foreigner. He may become British; he can never become English.
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Экзаменационный билет утвержден на заседании кафедры
« »__________ 2010 г. Зав. кафедрой___________
МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ им. М.А.Шолохова
Кафедра английского языка Курс ГАК
Наименование дисциплины английский язык
Приложение к экзаменационному билету № 14
A recent study of children's fears concludes that real life's worst nightmares have begun to emerge alongside age-appropriate anxieties that once reflected the fantasy world of childhood. Nowadays, when even the youngest children talk about what scares them, it is as likely to be the thought of getting shot or beaten as it is the howling wind. In other words, the bogyman lives -- not in children's wildest imaginations but is a neighbourhood near you. "Young children's fears are no longer just storms, monsters and ghosts. Now it's drugs, drive-bys and gangs," says Patricia Owen, an associate professor of psychology at San Antonio University. She has surveyed 294 elementary children, aged 7 to 9, to uncover the nature of childhood fears today. The children came from varied ethnic backgrounds in San Antonio, their socioeconomic status ranging from middle-class suburbanites to high-risk inner-city residents. Death and dying, drive-by shooting, kidnappers, gangs, drugs, nuclear war and guns, these are the concerns that showed up n all the children's Top 10 lists.
The child has achieved a real-world vulnerability that is more characteristic of a teenager. And it is very sad. "I asked one girl who lived in a safe neighbourhood why she was so fearful of drive-bys, and she said she didn't know what they were, but she sees it on TV a lot." Among the older children, ages 14 to 17, more than a third of boys said they or their had been assaulted or threatened with a weapon. Forty percent of the older girls reported that someone in their age group had been hit or beaten by their boyfriends."
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Younger children naturally look to their parents for advice. But often parents don't know what to say. So a special national programme has been undertaken. A group of psychologists started collaborating with the Advertising Council on a national campaign aimed at the Top 20 media markets to encourage parents in the necessity of talking to their children when they are young about health and safety risks and their fears. The best time to have these conversations is between ages 8 to 12 when the trust factor is still high and where the children are hearing and learning and learning about these issues. This is parents' prime opportunity to establish the level of trust and open communication that will protect their children through the greater risk years of adolescence. This is an important parent thing to do.
Экзаменационный билет утвержден на заседании кафедры
« »___________200 г. Зав. кафедрой _____________
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