I. Выражение обязательности действия, совета
must – должен, обязан, необходимо. We must follow the school rules. – Мы должны выполнять школьные правила.
have to – нужно, вынужден (внешние обстоятельства). I have to go shopping. – Мне нужно идти в магазин.
to be to – необходимость по договоренности, плану или приказу. I am to meet my friend. – Я должен встретить своего друга.
should – должен, следует (совет). You should consult a doctor. – Тебе нужно обратиться к врачу.
Which do you think is better – «must» or «should»?
1) You know, I think you___ take a holiday.
2) Tell Mark he___ tidy his room at once.
3) Visitors are reminded that they___ keep their bags with them.
4) I'm sorry, but you___ go.
5) I really___ go on a diet. I'll start today!
6) I suppose! I__ write to Aunt Rachel one of these days.
7) You absolutely___ check the tyres before you take the car out today.
8) All the officers___ report to the Commanding Officer by midday.
9) You___ have your hair cut at least once a week.
10) I think men___ wear jackets and ties in restaurants.
Put in «must» or «have/has» to.
1) I'm tired. I___ go to bed early.
2) John___ go to school on Saturdays.
3) We___ get another dog soon.
4) This is a great book.' 'I___ read it.'
5) A soldier___ obey orders.
6) We___ go to London for a meeting.
7) I think we___ pay in advance.
8) You really___ visit us soon.
9) I___ try to spend more time at home.
10) You___ go through Carlisle on the way to Glasgow.
II. Запрет, необязательность действия
mustn’t – нельзя
can’t – нельзя
You mustn’t (can’t) smoke here. – Здесь курить нельзя.
needn’t - не нужно, нет необходимости
I needn’t go shopping. – Мне не нужно идти в магазин.
don’t need/have to – не нужно
didn’t need/have to – не нужно было
Complete the sentences using must not / mustn't or do not / don't have to.
1) Campers___play music after 10 p.m.
2) Students___ ask permission to stay out after midnight.
3) Bicycles___ be parked in the front of the courtyard.
4) Residents___ hang clothes on the windows.
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5) The British ___ get visas to travel in Western Europe.
6) Passengers___ lean out of the windows.
7) You___ pay for your tickets now.
8) It's rained a lot, so we___ water the garden.
9) You___ disturb your sister while she's working.
10) You___ knock when you come into my room.
2. Fill in: mustn't, needn't or can't.
John, I want you to look after your brother this evening. He 1) ...... go
out and he 2)..........., forget to do all his homework. You 3)........... let
him watch TV until he's finished it. He 4)…….......... watch the film either
- it starts very late. He 5)....................... have a bath; he had one in the
morning. There's a cake in the cupboard but you 6)................ eat it all-
leave some for your sister. You 7)…............ do the washing-up: I'm going
to do it tomorrow. You 8) .............. make too much noise. We might be
quite late home because we 9)................ leave the party tonight until
most of the guests have left. And you 10).............. go to bed without
having a wash and brushing your teeth. But you 11).......... wait for us.
III. Физическая возможность
can/could - мочь, уметь
Can you swim? – Вы умеете плавать.
to be able to – быть в состоянии, мочь
He was able to win the race. – Он смог выиграть гонку.
1. Put in «can» or «can't» if possible; if not, use «could» or «will be able to».
1) I___ pick it up tonight, if that's convenient.
2) I think I___ speak English quite well in a few months.
3) We need some more oil.' 'OK, I___ let you have some this week.'
4) Dr. Parker___ see you at 12 on Tuesday.
5) She___ walk again in a few weeks.
6) If we took the wheels off, we___ get it through the back door.
7) Do you think one day people___ travel to the stars?
8) This week's no good, but I___ bring the car in next week.
9) If I practiced a bit, I___ be pretty good at tennis.
10) In a few years, computers___ think better than we do.
11) She___ give you a lesson this evening.
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12) I'm free at the weekend, so the kids___ come round.
13) I'll post your letter, but I don't think the postman___ read the address.
14) I___ do your job with no trouble at all.
15) We're busy this week, but we___ repair it by next Thursday.
IV. Возможность, вероятность действия
сan– наверное
may – возможно
He may be back soon. – Возможно, он скоро вернется.
might – возможно
could – возможно
must – должно быть
can’t – вряд ли
can he be …? – неужели он …
1. Fill in: can't, could, may or might.
Sue : How old do you think Steve is? Mary: He 1)...............be a bit older than we are, but he certainly 2)............ be more than 25.
Sue: I don't know. He 3)......................... be older than you think. He takes very good care of himself, you know. He 4)......................... be as old as thirty.
Mary: No, he 5)......................... be. I know because he left school just before I did.
Sue : You 6)......................... be right, but I'm still not really convinced.
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