Define the verbal mood in the sentences below.
1) God bless you. 2) I insist that the prices be cut considerably. 3) It’s high time she were there. 4) “Will you do it?” – “Oh, I’d much rather you did it.” 5) Oh, if only I knew what to do! 6) It would not be possible to decide anything without him. 7) If I had time I should go on a short holiday. 8) Let him do that. 9) Whoever he might be, I’m not afraid of him. 10) To stay with you would have been a disaster for me.
Seminar 8
ADJECTIVE and ADVERB
Sources:
1. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. - М.: Высшая школа, 2003. – С. 138-146, С. 220-237.
2. Блох, М.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / М.Я. Блох, Т.Н. Семенова, С.В. Тимофеева. – М.: Высшая школа, 2004. – С. 217-220, 220-222.
Additional:
3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. - М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – С. 34-39, 87-89.
4. Кобрина, Н.А. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка: учебное пособие / Н.А. Кобрина, Н.Н. Болдырев, А.А. Худяков. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007. – С. 121-131, 153-164.
TASKS
Get ready to answer the questions below.
1. What are semantic, formal and functional properties of the adjective?
2. What is the grammatical meaning of the category of comparison? How many forms constitute this category? How are they organized hierarchically?
3. What is elative superlative?
4. What is reverse comparison?
5. What is the difference between qualitative and relative adjectives?
6. How are the adjectives divided according to their semantic function?
7. What kind of words are called the category of state words?
8. What is substantivation?
9. What is the difference between fully and partially substantivised adjectives?
10. What are semantic, formal and functional properties of the adverb?
11. Which parts of speech can adverbs be homonymous with?
12. What are postpositives?
13. What are qualitative, quantitative and circumstantial adverbs?
14. What is the difference between genuine (notional) and semi0functional adverbs?
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15. What forms constitute the category of comparison of adverbs?
Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
category of comparison, relative (restricted) superiority, absolute (unrestricted) superiority, elative superiority, direct (positive) and reverse (negative) comparison, qualitative and relative adjectives, evaluative and specificative semantic functions, ‘category of state’ words (statives), substantivation (full and partial)
simple adverbs, derived adverbs, compound adverbs, stable adverbial phrases (composite phrasal adverbs), partially substantivized adverbs (adverbids), “fluctuant conversives”, qualitative, quantitative and circumstantial (orientative) adverbs, “genuine”, or notional (nominal) adverbs and (semi-)functional (pronominal) adverbs
Determine if the degrees of comparison of the adjectives in the sentences below render absolute or elative superiority.
1) “I am in my line a celebrated person - I may say a most celebrated person” (Christie). 2) He would have been easiest to approach (Sheldon). 3) She is a most charming host. 4) The jacket is most handsome (Christie). 5) Which mountain is the highest? 6) The most interesting thing in art is the personality of the artist.
4. Translate the category of state words below into Russian and give their synonyms (they can be not very close ones). Illustrate their semantic similarity in word combinations.
For examples: alike – similar; cases alike - similar cases
alive, agog, afire, afloat, aslant, awake, astir, afraid, aware, ashamed
5. In the examples below find substantivized adjectives and define if they are fully or partially substantivized. Split them into 1) adjectives meaning groups of people and 2) adjectives meaning abstract notions.
1) He basked in the company of the young (Snow). 2) A mother eagle teachers her young to fly by pushing him out of the nest. 3) She warned the domestics not to touch the child, as Mrs. Osborne might be offended (Thackeray). 4) The papers are full of stories about the royals. 5) Islam forbids the killing of the innocents. 6) Among the suspects there were James Calhoun and Edelberto Montoya, still possibles, but not yet probables (Hailey). 7) They were like poor savages confronted with a beautiful white girl (Murdoch). 8) It was this belief in a power larger than myself and other than myself, which allows me to venture into the unknown and even the unknowable (Angelou). 9) We must take the bitter along with the sweet (Reade). 10) Loving colors, I bought for myself beautiful reds and oranges, and greens and pinks, and teals and turquoise (Angelou). 11) It was a surprise to the optimistic: but it was even more of a surprise to the experienced (Snow). 12) The weak have often unexpected powers of resistance, the strong sometimes succumb. 13) There were about five percent undecideds at the polls. 14) Let’s start by looking at the typical day of the stressed out.
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6. а) Are the words below adjectives, adverbs or both (i.e. fluctuant conversives)? Illustrate your opinion with contexts.
For example: kindly - a kindly smile (adj); to smile kindly (adv)
daily, lively, timely, worldly, womanly, quickly
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