Was PR invented in USA, as it’s supposed?



PR, as an independent science, was born in the USA. First time the concept "public relations" used U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, in his "address to the Seventh Congress" (1807), who used PR mainly in political activities. However, in the modern sense of this concept was introduced in 1916 by the American journalist Ivy L. Lee, who worked as a personal secretary DD Rockefeller, Jr., and became one of the founders of a new theory of communication. In 1900, Harvard University has had its own Bureau of publicity. Publicity office in 1904 was established at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1912, created the first large-scale PR office of the American Telephone - Telegraph association. In the early 30-ies of the 20th century in the Democratic U.S. appears as Advisor on PR. A similar position in the Republican Party appears in 1936. During this period, PR stands out as an independent management function, which begins in demand in the largest U.S. companies. You can also highlight that at the same time there are the first experts on political campaigns. 1945 - 1965 years - boom Public Relations in the United States. PR finally released in an independent direction in the management and continues to flourish. Universities are beginning to produce Bachelors in PR. By 1965, the year the number of workers employed in the field of PR, more than 100 thousand people. PR continues to evolve today. Today in the United States in Public Relations with more than 2 thousand companies. It employs more than 200,000 people.

 

Bring an example of definition of “advertising?

Advertising is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. In Latin, ad vertere means “to turn the mind toward.”The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as blogs, websites or text messages. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through "branding," which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate certain qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers. Non-commercial advertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Nonprofit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement (PSA).

 

Why there’s no “free” in PR?

Enough of this nonsense! Public relations is not and never has been “free advertising.” First and foremost, the term, free advertising, is an oxymoron ironically propagated not only by the non-PR world, but also by ourselves in the profession. We don’t quickly correct clients’ or acquaintances’ misuse of the term in conversations and in presentations and sometimes use it ourselves for expediency. And, because of the drive to give monetary value to what most in the PR profession pass off as billable work, comparable advertising rates are often used to determine hourly rates. But let’s be clear…advertising is not free. Neither is PR the last I checked. But PR is not advertising…free or not. And the confusion can be a real thorn in client relationships. Advertising, by strict definition, is promotion through paid media, i.e., a commercial message published or broadcast by the media in return for a fee. True…sometimes this fee may be in the form of barter but usually in the form of cash remuneration. often tell clients that if you wish to guarantee to have absolute control over your message, the space allotted, its positioning within the medium, its exact timing and frequency, and even a hyperlink or 800-number included…purchase an ad or commercial. But here’s where a little tough love comes in for clients…telling them that none of that control comes with PR. In spite of what we may infer to the contrary, strictly speaking with the final story as produced in and by the media, we have no control over the wording of the message, the length, or when it might appear. And we definitely can’t control whether there’s a hyperlink or 800-number included.

 


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