Study the differences between the following words
Make, do, have, take
There are many common expressions with these verbs, and often they are different in other languages, so you need to learn them.Make usually means to create, bring into existence, or produce a result, do usually means to perform an action.
A Things we make
| a mistake (= an error) a meal (= prepare and cook something to eat) money (= become rich) friends a decision a noise progress (U) (= improvement) | He made a few mistakes in the exam. I had to make my own dinner last night. He made a lot of money when he worked in America. It's not always easy to make friends in a foreign country. We can have the red ones or the green ones, but we must make a decision (choose the red or green) before 6 p.m. I can't work when the children make a lot of noise. Her English is good now; she has made a lot of progress. |
Things we do
| homework (U) the housework (U) (= cleaning) subjects (= study subjects) a course the shopping (= buy food) research (U) (= detailed study in one subject) (someone) a favour (= do something to help someone) something/anything/nothing | I forgot to do my English homework last night. My mother does all the housework in our house. Did you do English at school? I did a one-week course in word processing. I always do the shopping at the weekend. He's doing research in physics at Rome University. I don't have any coffee. Could you do me a favour and lend me some? I didn't do anything last night. That boy has done nothing all day |
C Things we have
| a rest (= relax / do nothing) food (= eat food) and drink a drink (= drink something) a bath/shower a party a baby (=be pregnant or give birth) a (nice/great/terrible) time | They had a long rest after the game. I had steak but Paul just had a cup of tea. Let's have a drink before dinner. I always have a bath when I get up. I'm having a party for my birthday. Mary is having a baby next month. We had a very nice time in Switzerland last year. |
DThings we take
| an exam (also 'do an exam') a photo a decision (also 'make') a shower (also 'have') a bus/train/plane/taxi | I'm going to take four exams next month. She took lots of photos on holiday. I'm not very good at taking decisions. I'm just going to take a shower before lunch. We were late, so we took a taxi to the airport |
Note: Notice the use of be + adjective [not have + noun] in these expressions:
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She was lucky I'm hungry (= I want to eat) I'm thirsty (= I want a drink)
Task1. Cross out the incorrect verbs in these sentences. Both verbs may be correct.
1 I couldn't do/make the homework last night.
2 She's going to make/have a party for her birthday.
3 Did he do/make many mistakes?
4 I often make/do the housework.
5 Did you make/take many photos?
6 When do you take/do your next exam?
7 I want to do/make a course in English.
8 We must take/make a decision soon.
9 He is doing/making research in chemistry.
10 They did/made a lot of noise during the party.
Task2. Replace the underlined word(s) with a suitable word or expression from the above-given rule.
Example: I want to eat something. I’m hungry.
| 1. Let's drink something. 2. I'm going to prepare lunch tomorrow. 3. I'll clean the house at the weekend. 4. I ate a pizza in the restaurant. 5. I want a drink. | 6. I usually buy my food on Saturday morning. 7. They both want to become rich. 8. When are they going to decide? 9. I think she enjoyed herself last night. 10. She is definitely improving. How many driving lessons has she had now? |
Task 3. Look at the four split pictures. Describe what happened using at least two expressions from the opposite page in each one. Look at the example first.
Task 4. VOCABULARY TEST
Read the sentences and mark each sentence T (for True) if the verb make/do is used correctly or F (for False) if it is not used correctly.
- Take this medicine, it will make you good.
- Will you do me a service?
- Make sure that she is all right.
- If you do one more remark, I won’t utter a word.
- I’ll make my best to help him.
- He made no attempt to apologize.
- It’ll take you five years to do a course in Literature.
- If you work at your English regularly, you’ll make progress.
- Do a fuss, otherwise we would miss the train.
- Hard work makes everyone credit.
- I did them a favour but they didn’t appreciate my kindness.
- I need to do a quick phone call.
- I suppose we should make a start on cleaning this room.
- It's a pleasure making business with you.
- Exercise can do wonders for body, mind, and spirit.
Way
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Task 1. Read the explanations of the meanings of phrases with ‘way’ in English, give Ukrainian translations of these. Then use them in the sentences of your own, let your groupmates translate.
by the way - incidentally, in passing, in parenthesis, en passant, by the bye. By the way, how did your seminar go?
get in the way of something - interfere with, hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, be a drag upon (informal). She never let her feelings get in the way of her job.
give way - collapse, give, fall, crack, break down, subside, cave in, crumple, fall to pieces, go to pieces. The whole ceiling gave way and fell in on us.
Give way to something
1. be replaced by, be succeeded by, be supplanted by. The numbness gave way to anger
2. concede, yield, back down, make concessions, accede, acquiesce, acknowledge, defeat. The President has given way to pressure from his opponents.
on the way or on your way - coming, approaching. He's on his way here now.
under way - in progress, going, started, moving, begun, on the move, in motion, afoot, on the go (informal). A full-scale security operation is now under way.
Way of life
3. customs, practices, traditions, the traditional way of life of the Yanomami Indians.
4. habit, second nature, cities where violence is a way of life.
ways and means - capability, methods, course, discussing ways and means of improving productivity.
Task 2. Look at the synonyms of ‘way’ in different meanings and try to perceive all the meanings of this extremely polysemantic word, match the synonyms with the sentences on the left. The first is done for you.
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Task 3. Read the proverb below and speak on how you interpret it. Then use it in the situation of your own.
"The longest way round is the shortest way home"
Task 4. Translate the following sentences from literary works by English writers. Pay attention to the meanings of italicized words. Then make up your own sentences with these trying to make them sound just like from works of fiction. You may happen to have a talent of composing written masterpieces! Discover it!
1. My husband broke off his engagement to her – they were not suited in any way. 2. She made certain threats to which I paid very little attention and which, I may say, she has not attempted to carry out. 3. Jacqueline is making herself utterly ridiculous. 4. If a mistake has been made, then surely it is better to face the fact before it is too late. 5. But that is not the way you react – no, for you this persecution is intolerable – and why? 6. You knew that – but though you hesitated, you didn’t hold your hand. 7. She’s so sure of herself that she makes other people sure. 8. And I know perfectly that he wouldn’t have ever fallen in love with her if she hadn’t made him. 9. Then she held out her hand. 10. It got Linnet badly – in a way nothing else could have done. 11. There’s not a word they can take hold of.12. If you do, evil come and it will enter in and make its home within you and after a little while it will no longer be possible to drive it out. 13. His tone held boyish awe and astonishment. 14. As you say it may be the best way out. 15. Some day, I feel, we’ve got to make a stand and fight it out. 16. Besides that, it’s been – well, a relief in some ways. 17. Elephantine was reached very quickly and on going ashore Poirot and his loquacious acquaintance made straight for the museum.
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Task 4. Match the synonyms on the left with their definitions and pictures on the right. Try to perceive their connotations and common usage.
1. way
2. road
3. path
4. track
5. highway
6. street
7. lane
8. thoroughfare
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a strip of ground usually with a hard level surface for people, vehicles etc to travel on
a major public road for any form of motor transport, especially one connecting towns and cities
any road or path affording passage especially a rough one, a route, or course indicated by marks left by something that has passed
e) a narrow (usu. country) road or way between buildings, hedges, fences, etc.
f) a public road from one place to another, esp a main road
Task 5. Insert the appropriate words from the task above.
1. He shook his head sadly and followed her up the … to the hotel.
2. When Jackie finds we don’t come back it will be too late – we shall be well on our …
3. By the …, the third member of your party, the tall grey-haired man…
4. This … takes you past the school.
5. The Porta Rosa was the main … of Elea.
6. Most of the … across the world are built and maintained by the public sector.
7. Interstate 80, the second-longest U.S. Interstate …, runs from California to New Jersey.
8. We set off once more, over a rough mountain …
9. The country … are greener and more attractive for pedestrians and they help to reduce vehicle speeds.
10. Until the 1980's Halesworth … was a main road.
11. There is a … through the fields.
Task 6. Paraphrase the utterances using essential vocabulary.
1. She isn’t actually twenty-one yet – but she hadn’t got to ask anyone’s consent before marrying me.
2. He had an extremely dirty pair of grey flannel trousers on and a high-necked polo jumper singularly unsuited to the climate.
3. He decided to pass the remaining two hours before lunch on the island of Elephantine immediately opposite the hotel.
4. The maid departed from the front door of the hotel and turned to the right in the direction of Shellal.
5. ‘There must be some means of stopping it’.
6. Looking at the matter sentimentally – which is , I suppose, the manner people of your generation cannot help looking at things – that is possibly true.
7. He was very fond of her, but I think that even before he met me he was beginning to feel that he was not right.
8. You’ve done so that she realized that we are more or less powerless in the matter.
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