Give a systemic analysis of Artificial Intelligence
The concept of artificial intelligence is usually used to refer to the ability of a computer system to perform the tasks inherent in human intelligence, for example, problems of inference and learning.
The main feature of intelligent systems is that they are based on knowledge, or rather, on some of their submission. Knowledge is understood to be stored (by computer) information, formalized in accordance with certain rules, which the computer can be used in inference on certain algorithms.
When comparing the operations that make up the work of the machine, and operations as the units of human activity revealed significant differences - in the psychological sense "operation" reflects the way to achieve results, the characteristic of the process, while with regard to engine performance, this term is used in the logical-mathematical sense (characterized by the result).
The works on artificial intelligence is constantly used the term "goal." In psychology, "target" is a constitutive feature acts from operations (and activities in general). While in artificial systems "purpose" refers to a finite situation sought by the system. Signs of this situation should be clearly identified and described in a formal language. The objectives of the human activity of a different nature. The ultimate situation may reflect different subject. This reflection can be characterized by varying degrees of clarity, distinctness. Moreover, for human characteristic not only achieving ready purposes but also the formation of new ones.
Also, the work of artificial intelligence, is characterized not only by the presence of operations, programs, "targets", and evaluation functions. And artificial systems have some sort of "value orientation". If people in the activity is the use of not only constant, but situationally emerging and rapidly changing assessments is also important difference between the verbal and logical and emotional assessments. The difference between man and machine at the level of activity in the existence of needs and motives.
Estimate benefits of interactions of Psychology and IT
The role of psychology in the study of the problem of creating artificial intelligence cannot be overestimated. First of all, the interest results of the study of human thinking for the purpose of modeling and playing on computer systems. In addition, actively studied problems of automation of human activity and the psychological characteristics of human communication with a computer, although many experts believe that the actual user communicates only with the programmer "through the computer." Note that some of the results of computer science and cybernetics may be used in conducting psychological research. On the other hand, the terms of psychology play an increasingly important role in the study of the problem of creating artificial intelligence systems. For example, Professor AI Shevchenko proposed the following definition of AI: Artificial Intelligence - is the algorithm for solving the tasks created an artificial consciousness. At the same time, under artificial consciousness mean higher control system of the machine, the owner of knowledge about themselves and their surroundings. Thus, in the field of intelligent systems psychology and science, first of all - computer science is interrelated and can interact constructively. Highly relevant is the study of the psychological effects of the use of information technology. Computers and information systems are used in. all new areas of human activity, affecting mental processes and transforming not only individual action, but also human activity in general. From a psychological point of view, the interaction of man with the systems of computer converts activities through its mediation sign systems. Despite the variety of active Internet users, there are three main types of their activities: cognitive, gaming and communication. These activities correspond to the varieties of global change (transformation) of the person:
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1. Enthusiasm for knowledge in programming and telecommunications, or, as an extreme option, hacking; 2. Passion for computer games and, in particular, games via the Internet or, as an extreme option, the so-called game addiction.; 3. Passion for network communication or as a last resort. Alternatively, so-called Internet addiction - a kind of dependence on the internet. Only in extreme cases of this kind of personal transformation are entirely negative; Contrary to popular belief, they can lead to a positive development of personality.
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