Define Types of conflicts in Psychology



Three types of conflicts are: 1. Intrapersonal Conflicts, 2. Interpersonal Conflicts and 3. Unconscious Conflicts

The word conflict has been derived from a Latin word ‘Conflicts’ which means ‘strike two things at the same time’.

a. Intrapersonal conflicts:

These are the conflicts caused within the individual. These conflicts arise as a result of two or more motives or goals to be achieved at a time. Hence, these are called goal conflicts. Lewin has described three types of goal conflicts.

However, in addition to these there is one more conflict in which the individual faces more than one attracting or repelling forces making the individual to experience more stress.

This is called multiple approach avoidance conflict. These are as follows:

1. Approach-approach conflict:

In this type of conflict individual will have two desires with positive valence which are equally powerful. For example, a person has two attractive job offers and he has to choose any one of them- tension arises.

2. Avoidance-avoidance conflict:

This conflict involves two goals with negative valence. At times the individual is forced to choose one among two negative goals. In such conflicts, both are unwanted goals, but he cannot keep quiet without opting also. For example, a woman must work at a job which she dislikes very much or else she has to remain unemployed.

3. Approach-avoidance conflict:

This is also a most complex conflict and very difficult to resolve. Because in this type of conflict a person is both attracted and repelled by the same goal object. Here the goal object will have both positive and negative valences.

b. Interpersonal conflicts:

Interpersonal conflict is caused between individuals. This can be resolved through some strategies such as avoiding, smoothing, forcing, confronting and compromising. Assertive behaviour and I am ok, you are ok interpersonal orientation help to resolve such conflicts easily.

3. Unconscious Conflict:

The mental conflict below the level of conscious awareness is called unconscious conflict. The conflicts in conscious level, when repressed, shifts to unconscious. Here the desires which cannot be satisfied at conscious level are repressed to unconscious level as a mechanism of escaping. Many of our wants raised by Id may not be socially acceptable. Such wants are objected by the Ego and the Super ego. Hence these are repressed to unconscious.

 

Give a comparative analysis of verbal and non-verbal informations in public speaking

 Verbal delivery enhances understanding of your message. You'll want to work towards an elevated, conversational style. The audience wants you to talk to them not at them. Use a sincere tone that lets the audience know you're invested in the material you're presenting

· Incorporate pauses to highlight key ideas, transition between points, and/or grab the audience's attention again.

·  Think about the volume of your voice—can the person in the back hear you clearly? Keep in mind, working with a microphone may make it necessary for you to modify your volume.

·  Pay special attention to the rate of speech you're using; remember the goal isn't to finish as soon as possible. You want to make sure that the audience is understanding the material and connecting with it. The rate you use should allow you to focus on explaining the material carefully.

·  Having variety in your rate, volume, and inflection can help give emphasis the material and sustain audience interest. Be especially conscious of these vocal delivery features when giving examples or sharing an illustration or story.

Nonverbal delivery enhances understanding of your message. Eye contact is crucial in keeping you and the audience connected. The audience forms understanding and makes judgments about your material based on their ability to see your eyes. You can see if you are making sense to the audience by looking at them and gauging their nonverbal feedback.

· Anxiety can cause a speaker to see an audience as a menacing big blur rather than a gathering of interested individuals.

·  To help you connect on a person-to-person level, locate the “friendly” faces in the audience--the people who give positive feedback in the form of smiles, nods and attentive listening positions. Speak directly to these people, varying your eye contact between them. You'll begin to notice more and more “friendly” faces to connect with as the audience is drawn into your speech

 


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