Describe methods in Psychology
Analyze Development of Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of human mind and behaviour: how we think, feel, act and interact individually and in groups.
Psychology is concerned with all aspects of behaviour and with the thoughts, feelings and motivations underlying that behaviour. It is both a thriving academic discipline and a vital professional practice.
Psychology has come a long way of development, there was a change of understanding of the object, the object and purpose of psychology. Here are the main stages of its development.
Stage I - Psychology as a science of the soul. Such a definition of psychology was given more than two thousand years ago. The presence of the soul trying to explain all the strange phenomenon in human life.
Stage II - Psychology as a science of consciousness. There in the XVII century with the development of the natural sciences. The ability to think, feel, wish to call consciousness. The main method of studying the thought of watching a man himself and a description of the facts.
Stage III - Psychology as the science of behavior. There in the XX century. The task of psychology - to experiment and observe that it is possible to see directly, namely the behavior, actions, reactions of the person (the motives that cause actions, not taken into account).
Stage IV - psychology as a science that studies the objective laws, mechanisms and manifestations of the psyche.
Psychology is both one of the oldest and one of the youngest sciences. Already in the V century BC. e. Greek thinkers were interested in many of the issues on which today works as a psychologist - memory, learning, motivation, perception, dreams, pathological behavior. But although the forerunner of psychology was the science of antiquity, it is believed that the modern approach began to take shape in 1879.
Explain structure of Psychology
Modern psychological science consists of a series of relatively independent scientific disciplines or branches, which form its structure. We list a few of them. The central place it occupies in the general psychology. General psychology is the foundation of all the psychological knowledge, it studies the general laws of organization and functioning of the mind, develops methodology and theory of psychology. Comparative psychology studies the laws of the psyche in the phylogeny. Age psychology studies the laws of human mental development in ontogenesis, the main stages of its development, critical and sensitive periods. In psychology stand out: the psychology of childhood, adolescence psychology, psychology of adolescence, adulthood psychology, psychology of aging and old age. Differential Psychology explores the individual psychological differences between people. It may be differences in temperament, character, abilities, cognitive styles, behavior and motivate others. Engineering psychology is developing guidelines for harmonization of technical devices (cars, appliances and so on. N.) The characteristics of the mental processes, functions and properties of a person seeking to ensure maximum reliability and efficiency of monitoring and control systems and reduce the cost of human labor. Work Psychology examines the psychological foundations and structure of work, its dynamics and mechanisms of regulation. This discipline examines the psychological factors of the efficiency and quality of work. Social psychology studies the psychological mechanisms of influence of society (community) on the behavior and human consciousness, explores the interaction of people in the groups, collectives and position of the person in them, issues of leadership and subordination. The important issues of social psychology is the study of the psychological mechanisms of formation of public opinion, the problem of mass communications. Legal psychology - a branch of psychology that studies the relationship between human rights and law. Its main problem - the study of offender, the formation of motivation of the crime, the psychological basis of re-offenders. Clinical Psychology - specialized generalist, has interdisciplinary character and take part in solving the complex problems in health care, education and social assistance.
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Describe methods in Psychology
To solve the problems of psychology, the following methods:
The method of the experiment - the main method of psychology; characterized in that the researcher creates a special circumstance, stimulating expression of a certain psychic phenomena.
Laboratory experiment is characterized by the use of special laboratory equipment, which makes it possible to accurately record the number and quality of external influences and resulting mental reactions.
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In a natural experiment saved for the person's usual conditions of its activities, but it is specially organized in accordance with the purpose of the experiment. The test is usually unaware of the experiment and therefore do not experience voltage characteristic under laboratory conditions.
Methods of observations suggest an explanation of mental phenomena in the course of specially organized his perception. The method of observation are adjacent: the method of product research activity that allows you to determine a person's ability, level of knowledge and skills; method of questioning, and in particular the methods of clinical interview.
Test Method - a method of diagnosing mental capacity of an individual.
Psychological test - a brief, standardized, as a rule, time-limited test of reference for the establishment of specific individual characteristics of the subject.
Biographical method of research is to identify the key factors in the formation of the individual, of his life, the crisis periods of development, especially in socialization.
Psychological modeling. It is expressed in the sign of imitation psychic phenomena or the organization of various human activities in an artificially constructed environment.
Comparative genetic method - a method of studying mental laws by comparing the individual phases of the mental development of individuals.
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