Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences



Контрольная работа #4 Variant I Exercise 1. Translate the text Money Money is what people use to buy things. People spend money on goods and services. People earn money by performing services. They also earn money from investments, including government bonds, and from savings accounts. Money can be anything that people agree to accept in exchange for the things they sell or the work they do. Today, most nations use metal coins and paper bills. A person can change his money of any country according to the exchange rate. Usually, such rates are set by the central banks of a country. The value of a country's currency may change. Banks People save money in banks for future use. A man probably will not want to spend all his pay the day he receives it. So he may decide to put some of his money in a bank for safekeeping. The money he puts in the bank is called a deposit. This money is credited, or added, to his account. When the depositor wants to withdraw, or take out, part of his deposit, the bank must be ready to pay him. Banks use the money of depositors for loans to those who need funds. The bank that makes the loan is called a lender or creditor. The bank charges the debtor interest for the use of the loan. Charging interest for the use of money is the chief source of bank income. lender - кредитор, ростовщик   Exercise 2 Give English equivalents to: 1. заработать деньги 2. устанавливать курс 3. копить деньги 4. быть готовым заплатить 5. доход банка Exercise 3 Give Russian equivalents to: 1) according to; 2) savings accounts; 3) in exchange for; 4) to make the loan;                                                            5) to charge interest. Exercise 4 Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences. Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition. Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование. 2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures. Он слышал, что она рисует картины. 1. They expect (wre) to put money in a bank. 2. She knows (he) to be a well - known banker. 3. He heard (she) shout at the employees. 4. The employers want (they) to increase labour productivity. 5. We consider (you) to make a report at the conference. Exercise 5

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model: 1. Everybody learns much by  (to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by travelling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя по миру.

1. By_____(to do) nothing we learn nothing.

2. You can learn a foreign language by   ______(to watch) special programmes on TV.

3. He insisted on his assistant's      (to repeat) the experiment.

4. ______(to drive) a car is necessary for any person.

5. 1 know of your______(to have written) this article.

Exercise 6

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model: 1. She said that theyin Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1.  We asked them if they ___some money to buy a house.

A. save

B. had saved

C. has saved

2. The teacher told us  .

A. listens to the text

B. will listen to the text

C. to listen to the text

3. She said that she____her money for nothing.

A. spends

B. had spent

C. spend

4. He promised that heyou up.

A. would ring

B. rings

C. will ring

5. She said they  since six o'clock.

A. have been waiting

B. has been waiting

C. had been waiting

Exercise 7

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Models:              

Has been waiting for, listen to

1. He______          her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7

о 'clock. Он ждет ее с семи часов.

2. You mustthe lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

 

Turned up, give up, brought down, feel sorry for, is made up

1. They____________ the prices for coal.

2. He________________ with his friends at the conference.

3. People ____ smoking with great difficulty.

4. I_____ him because he lost his wallet yesterday.

5. His bill____ of two different sums.

 

Exercise 8

Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (как) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1. Many students failed (потому что) the exam was difficult.

2. (Hи) my friend (ни) I know anything about this deposit.

3. People spend money on goods (так же как и) on services.

4. Не will do it (как только) he obtains his salary.

5. I have not taken money from my account (с) September.

 

 

Variant II

Exercise 1

Translate the text

Manufacturing technology is the technology of process control. Machines, human labour, and the organization of work control a manufacturing process. The new technology dictates changes in the nature and organization of manufacturing and in the machines.

The English system of manufacture originated in the 18th century when machine tools, such as lathes, were invented. Lathes could fabricate a variety of workpieces. The American system of manufacture emerged in the mid-1800s.

The era of scientific management began in the late 1800s with the works of F.W. Taylor. 1 le was a U.S. mechanical engineer whose principles of manufacturing management are known as Taylorism. He recognized that workers' activities could be measured, analyzed, and controlled. Using a job analysis and time study, he determined a standard rate of output for each job. Next came the era of process improvement in the mid-20th century. It was based on statistical process control (SPC). This statistical process control directed management's attention away from the worker toward machines. Scientific management is concerned with manufacturing problems. SPC is concerned with the dynamism of the process.

NOTE

process control - управление (производственным) статистическим процессом.

Exercise 2

Give English equivalents to:

1) в середине 1800-х годов;

2) производить разнообразные детали;

3) эра научного менеджмента;

4) направлять внимание;

5) эра усовершенствования процесса.

Exercise 3

Give Russian equivalents to:

1) human labour;

2) nature and organization of manufacturing;

3) to emphasize precision and interchangeability of parts;

4) the system originated in the late-1800s;

5) to determine a standard rate.

 

Exercise 4

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

1. We know (they) to win he competition. We know them to win the competition. Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.

2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.

Он слышал, что она рисует картины.

1. We heard (they) design a new device.

2. Engineers know (he) create principles of manufacturing management.

3. They advise (we) to use a job analysis.

4. He saw (she) control this worker's activity.

5. The manager considers (it) to concern manufacturing problems.

 

Exercise 5

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model: 1. Everybody learns much by  _____(to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by travelling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя по миру.

1. Нe succeeded in_____ (to take) the first place in the competition.

2. She left the room without____(to say) a word.

3. ______(To read) the latest journals is important for every scientist.

4. Your_____ (to study) much now will help you in your future work.

5. The problem is worth _____(to be solve).

Exercise 7

 

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Models: 1. She said that theyin Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. She asked me where I___ a job analysis.

A. had made

B. makes

C. make

2. They said they____    forward to the results of the experiment.

A. are looking

B. were looking

C. is looking

3. He asked her how long she for the company.

A. has worked

B. is worked

C. had been working

4. We told them ___ him on Friday.

A. to have met

B. meets

C. to meet

5. They promised that they             scientific management.

A. will use

B. would use

C. use

Exercise 8

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Models:

Has been waiting for, listen to

1. He____ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7

о 'clock. Он ждет её с семи часов.

2. You must_ ___the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.

Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

 

 

1. Theyfrom danger.

2. Johnfor the meeting again.

3. When I telephoned, they told me that he had ____

4. We shall have toour planet.

5. He was    after his long working day.

 

Exercise 9

Translate the words in bold type into English and rew rite the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1.This conclusion needs no explanation (поскольку) it is self-evident.

2.Jim (не только) practices law (но) also teaches it.

3.They are working quickly (так что) they may finish it soon.

4.He was working in space (в течение) three weeks.

5.(хотя) she worked hard she didn't pass her exams.

 

VARIANT III

Exercise I

Translate the text

The Orange Black Box.

The famous box is familiar to most of us. It is legendary invincible. The “black" box is in fact painted fluorescent orange. It w'as originally called a black box in the days when anything to do with electronics was new and strange. They are painted orange nowadays to make them more easily visible in the event of a crash.

There are two kinds of black box: the Right data recorder (FDR) and the cockpit voice recorder (CVR).

Both arc stores at the rear of an aircraft. There the fuselage meets the upper tail fin - the part of plans that has the best survival record. The same principle applies to human passengers - you're safer at the back.

Despite their reputation, neither box is in fact indestructible. They can withstand a temperature of 1,100° C for 30 minutes and 250° C for 10 hours. They must also be able to survive and impact force of 3,500 times the force of gravity.

Flight recorders are encased in tw'o thickness of platinum. Memory chips holds the flight data. While FDRs make an electronic record of the plane’s mechanical performance, CVRs record the communication between the crew. But they are still only recorded in 80 percent of accidents.

NOTE

Invincible - непобедимый, нерушимый

Exercise 2

Give English equivalents to:

1) легендарная нерушимость;

2) в случае катастрофы;

3) запись данных полета;

4) запись голосов в кабине;

5) выдерживать температуру.

Exercise 3

Gfive Russian equivalents to:

1) familiar to us;

2) to do with;

3) to survive an impact force;

4) the force if gravity;

5) to be encased.

 

Exercise 4

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

Model:  1. We know (they) to win competition. We know them to win the competition.

Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.

2.Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.

Он слышал, что она рисует картины.

1. Не has never heard (she) go by plane.

2. We want (they) to investigate this crash as soon as possible.

3. They suppose (it) to be very important for our work.

4. Specialists know (w'e) to be interested in the flight data.

5. I saw (he) looking for his daughter after the crash.

 

Exercise 5

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model:  1. Everybody learns much by_ (to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.

Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.

1. I object to your___ __(to discuss) this project now.

2. ______(To paint) boxes orange makes them more visible.

3. Boxes don't burn due to__ (to withstand) high temperature.

4. On__________ (to hear) the news about the crash in the sky we got upset.

5. ______ (To use) a computer is necessary.

Exercise 6

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model:  1. She said that they__ in Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. They asked me___ the relatives about the crash.

A. informs

B. to inform

C. inform

2. She said that she_ many English people.

A. hadn't met

B. hasn't met

C. haven't met

3. They asked us where we___ the orange box.

A. shall find

B. will find

C. should find

4. The boss said that they__ English at the conference.

A.were speaking

B.are speaking

C. is speaking

5. He announced that he________ the plane crash in the sky.

A. was observing

B. is watching

C. watches

Exercise 7

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Models:

Has been waiting for, listen to

1. He        her since 7 о 'dock. He has been waiting for her since 7 6 'clock.

On ждет ее с семи часов.

2. You must        the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.

Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

Waited for, lost head, look at, put off, put on

1. We____      him more than an hour and finally left.

2. Observing the plane falling down at such speed Jane___her___

3. The instructor told us to______the parachutists.

4. ________some warm clothes. It is cold outside.

5. The flight was______ till the morning.

Exercise 8

Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1.He left early (потому что) he was to meet a friend at the airport.

2.They will not go to the south (до тех пор пока не) the weather becomes fine.

3.We can (ни) come to you (ни) help you..

4.Як (как) doctors (так и) victims have already gathered in the hall.

5.What have you been doing (с тех пор как) the accident occurred.

VARIANT IV

Exercise 1.

Translate the text.

Manufacturing is a cornerstone of all economic activities. We apply efforts to advance manufacturing technology continuously. It is vital to a richer and more stable future. Scientists develop next-generation advanced manufacturing technologies. Globalization presents a particular problem. A company may have various facilities located around the world. It depends upon the nature and purpose of its activities. A company needs a communications network that interconnects its multiple plants and other facilities. Such network is important for exchanging data through an international compatible communication system.

Companies need a common intercompany communications system that enables different firms to exchange information.

Future plants are based on the intelligent manufacturing system concept. They will include industrial robots, numerically controlled machine tools and production management system. The workplace has changed to. Today’s employers ask workers to do more. Now workers have to manage their workstations, schedule their time, think about quality, solve problems, and apply their skills to new technologies.

NOTE

compatible - совместный, сходный,

workstation - рабочее место.

 

Exercise 2

Give English equivalents to:

1) краеугольный камень

2) технологи следующего поколения

3) разнообразные возможности

4) обмениваться информацией

5) машины с числовым контролем

Exercise 3.

1) multiple plants;

2) to apply skills;

3) common communication system;

4) to enable firms to exchange information;

5) to schedule time.

Exercise 4.

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

Model:   1. We know (they) to win competition. We know them to win the competition.

Мы таем, что очи выиграют соревнование.

2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.

Он слышан, что она рисует картины.

1. Не wants (she) to carry out the experiment carefully.

2. We saw (they) repair the equipment.

3. Nobody will make (1) give up smoking.

4. She has never heard (he) use this system.

5. They expect (you) to apply efforts to advance manufacturing technology.

 

Exercise 5.

 

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

 

Everybody learns much by traveling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.

1. __ (To manufacture) is the base of all economic activities.

2. She likes to work without___ (to be disturbed).

3. This team succeeded in______ (to obtain) reliable results.

4. By____ (to apply) their skills to new technologies workers solve the problems of their companies.

5.Such network is significant for_____ (to exchange) data.

 

 

Exercise 6.

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model:  1. She said that they ___in Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford.

Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. Scientists considered that next generation_____manufacturing technologies.

A. would advance

B. will advance

C. advance

2. Everybody understood that globalization __      a particular problem.

A. presents

B. presented

C. present

3. The employer ordered the workers____ their workstations.

A. to have managed

B. manage

C. to manage

4. The firm informed that the employers_____ this problem.

A. has solved

B. solve

C. had solved

5. We found out that these firms ___data through an international communications system.

A. were exchanging

B. is exchanging

C. are exchanging

 

Exercise 7

 

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

 

Models:

Has been waiting for, listen to

 

1. He     her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7 о 'clock.

Он ждет ее с семи часов.

2. You must the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.

Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

То go in for, took place, used to, made up their mind, get on with

 

1. People must _______________each other.

2. Robots____________substitute a man in heavy conditions.

3. The firm wants their workers_______ sports.

4. The Congress   in the Constitutional hall.

5. The scientists of this institute ____________ to develop manufacturing technologies at this factory.

 

Exercise 8.

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow hut she lived in Spain in 2001? So she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian, So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1. The manager (или) at the office (или) in the laboratory.

2. They gave me their report (так что) I might study it at home.

3. I have not seen such robots (c) the last exhibition in our city.

4. These machine tools are famous (не только) in Italy (нo) also in Spain.

5. The worker couldn't work there (из-за) the heavy conditions.

 

Variant V

Exercise 1.

Translate the text

Advertising.

Advertising is a form of selling. Advertising seeks to make people aware of things they need and to make them want these things. It tells what products or services are on the market, and how they can be obtained.

It describes new products and announces new uses and improved features ol familiar ones. Advertising suggests that wc might enjoy more nourishing foods, more attractive clothes, and more comfortable homes. In doing all these things, advertising helps us improve our way ol living. It also shapes our tastes, habits, and customs.

Advertising messages are carried to large audiences by newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and other, means or mass communication.

National newspapers concentrate more on specialized advertising, especially for business and professional people. Local papers have a high proportion of advertisements devoted to the sale of cars and houses.

Advertising on British television is subject to strict regulations. It is limited to 7 minutes an hour. Advertising breaks may not be inserted in programmes for schools. No advertising of a political nature is allowed.

Advertisements for cigarettes and betting are prohibited. Advertisements must be legal, decent, honest and truthful. In Britain advertising in the press, the cinema and on posters is controlled by the Advertising Standards Authority.

 

 

Exercise 2.

Give English equivalents to;

1. посвящать чему-то

2. подвергать строгим правилам

3. описать продукт

4. улучшить свойства

5. формировать вкус, привычки и обычаи

Exercise 3.

Give Russian equivalents to:

1. means of mass communication;

2. to make people aware of things

3. legal, decent, honest and truthful advertisements;

4. a high proportion;

5. to be inserted.

 

Exercise 4.

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition. Mu знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.

2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures. Он слышал, что она рисуешь картины.

1. They expect (we) to finish the meeting on time.

2. She considers (he) to implement his inventions.

3. We reported (she) to have won the prize.

4. I saw (they) advertise new products.

5. He made (1) bet 100 dollars on the horse.

 

Exercise 5.

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model:   1. Everybody learns much by_ (to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.

Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.

1. He went away without____ (to have told) us the necessary information.

2. In _______ (to present) different things advertising helps us.

3. Your_____ (to deal with) advertising requires much time.

4. There is no good        (to deny) this fact.

5. Excuse me___ (to interrupt) you.

 

Exercise 6.

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model:   1. She said they__ in Oxford.

A. lived B. lives C. will live

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. They boasted that they_____a new computer their office.

                A. will buy

B. had bought

C. buys

2. The policeman asked why he _    the car door.

A. hadn't locked

B. doesn't lock

C. hasn't locked

3. Dad asked her       their jewelry.

A. don't sell

B. wouldn't sell

C. not to sell

4. The reporter announced that advertising messagesto large audiences by a lot of means.

A. are carried

B. were carried

C. carrying

5. They said that the advertising programmes ____in programmes for children.

A. were not inserted

B. are not inserted

C. inserts

Exercise 7.

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Models:

1.

Has been waiting for, listen to
He___ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since о 'clock. Он ждет ее с семи часов.

2. You must____ the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.

Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

 

 

Got on, find out, саше across, take into account, get rid of
1 .Will you please___ for me what time that train arrives.

2. Tom______ the wrong bus.

3. I_______ some old documents yesterday.

1. We should_ ________ all the factors.

2. He will                     old habits.

 

Exercise 8.

Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1. What have you been doing (с тех нор как) I last saw you?

2. We shall go (или) to the camp (или) to the seaside.

3. They study at the Technical University (для того, чтобы) to become good specialists.

4. He was born in London, but he lives in Paris, so he speaks (так) English гак i (так и) French perfectly.

5. We object (не только) to the terms of payment (но) also to the time of delivery.

 

 

Variant VI

Exercise 1.

Translate the text.

Man has always been fascinated by the possibility of life on other worlds. Then scientists began to develop instruments capable of analyzing distant planets. It was suggested that the atmospheres and temperature ranges of those planets should be different from those of the earth. More than 200,000 years passed between the appearance of the first men with really large brains and the first human .civilized society.

The earth is still known as life supporting planet. Great interplanetary distance is the major obstacle to exploration.

But scientists are developing machines for finding life. Scientists hope that man will make his first contact w'ith living beings on another world. Progress grows faster and faster. Accepting the possibility of life is one thing. Proving it is another. Evolution on the earth has moved in the direction of more highly developed intelligence.

Perhaps civilization on other planets has reached the same take off point and became as the Earth's. If they're a thousand or a million years older they must be more advanced than the earth's civilization. They may destroy themselves with effective weapons.

Scientists hope that man will make his first contact with living beings on another world.

Exercise 2.

Give English equivalents to:

1) быть зачарованным

2) отдаленные планеты

3) главное препятствие

4) в направлений высокоразвитого интеллекта

5) точка взлета

Exercise 3.

Give Russian equivalents to:

1) interplanetary distance;

2) to be more advanced;

3) accept the possibility of life;

4) large brains;

5) to destroy themselves.

Exercise 4.

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition. Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.

2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures. Он слышал, что она рисует картины.

1. Не wants (I) to find out everything about this planet.

2. I'd like (he) to stop talking.

3. The engineer advised (we) to use this device.

4. People saw (she) enter this office.

5. She made (they) test the instrument.

 

Exercise 5.

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model:   1. Everybody learns much by (to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.

Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.

1. They develop instruments capable of____    (to analyze) distant planets.

2. It is worth ___ (to develop) these devices.

3. After______ (to have destroyed) the forests we pollute nature.

4. Go on___ (to carry out) an experiment.

5. They can't help___ (to make) a house.

Exercise 6.

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model:   1. She said that they___ in Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. She asked him if he often____ the scientific centre.

A. visited

B. visits

C. will visit

2. Our friends asked us what we__ at the weekend.

A. will do

B. would do

C. does

3. They asked why other civilizations___ .

A. couldn't be found

B. can't be found

C. can be found

4. We were told that Andrew___ to complete his theses.

A. is going

B. goes

C. was going

5. Tom told his friend____ for a while.

A. not to call him up

B. not call him up

C. doesn't call him up

 

Exercise 7.

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below'. Translate the sentences.

Models:

Has been waiting for, listen to

1. He______ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7 о 'clock. On ждет ее с семи часов.

2. You must     the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы

должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

Таkе part in, sold out, hold on, pointed out, look for

1. Scientists__________ civilization on other planets.

2. We didn't____________ the conference.

3. The teacher________ the mistakes in my report.

4.             a minute! I want to speak to you.

5. There was a sign on the ticket office saying_____ .

 

Exercise 8.

Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1.  (Ни) my friends (ни) I know anything about it.

2. They have not written about the new discovery  (потому что) they made it secret.

3. We shall not go abroad on business trip (до тех пор пока не) all the problems have been solved

4. (как) the coal (так и) the ore will be skipped tomorrow.

5. He will do it (как только) he obtains the proper data.

Variant VII

Exercise 1.

Translate the text.

Safe drinking water is often taken for granted in the modern world. But have you ever thought how important water is? All animals and plants are mostly water. A person's body is about 65 per cent water.

Water is used for washing and air conditioning, household work and gardening. Steel, gasoline, paper and most other products are made with the help of water. Power plants use ""water for cooling. Farm," of course, need water to grow food. We can easily see that life would be impossible without water. That is why it is so important to keep our water clean. Yet. polluted water is becoming very common.

One way of polluting water is to allow fertilizers and untreated wastes to wash from farms and building sites into waterways after rain. Human is making more wastes than nature can handle. More and better waste water treatment is needed. People fundamentally depend on recycled waste water for domestic use and drinking supplies. Over 50 per cent of the water drunk in Western Europe and North America is reprocessed. Finland and the Netherlands use more than 70 per cent reprocessed water, and Denmark and Sweden exceed 90 per cent. Clean i water is so important to our lives. We should make an effort to be sure we have enough of it.

Exercise 2.

Give English equivalents to:

1. считать само собой разумеющимся;

2. вот почему;

3. содержать воду чистой;

4. загрязненная вода;

5. убедиться.

Exercise 3.

Give Russian equivalents to:

1. to become common;

2. water treatment;

3. to depend on;

4. domestic use;

5. to make an effort.

 

Exercise 4.

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition.

Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.

2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.

Он слышал, что она рисует картины.

1. They advised (we) not to use this souree of water.

2. I’d like (she) to enter the University.

3. We made (they) close this chemical plant.

4. He saw (I) paint a new picture.

5. She believes (he) to be a good ecologist.

 

Exercise 5.

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model:   1. Everybody learns much by____(to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.

Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.

1. She gave up ______ (to drive) a car after the accident.

2. It is worth _ ___(to reprocess) water.

3. After_____ (to clean) water may be used.

4. He is busy with _(to prepare) for the conference on ecology.

5. It’s no use   (to speak) to him on this problem.

Exercise 6.

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model:   1. She said that they__ in Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. They warned the water ___ .

A. can be polluted

B. could be polluted

C. can pollute successful.

2. They informed their efforts ________successful.

A. were

B. are

C. has been

3. People were afraid water________.

A. wouldn't be cleaned

B. will not be cleaned

C. is not cleaned

4. We didn't know the score but we were sure their team_________.

A. had lost

B. has lost

C. is lost

5. He was told that his sister_________to enter the college.

A. was going

B. is going

C. goes

Exercise 7.

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Models:

Has been waiting for, listen to

1. He_____ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7 о 'dock. Он ждет ее с семи часов.

2. You must____ the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы

должны внимательно слушать лекцию.

Is in a hurry, work out, get up, getting off, checking up

1. We must _____________some plan to increase our efforts.

2. Are you _____________, at the next station?

2. What time do you usually_______ in the morning.

3. Tom __________________________ to catch the bus.

4. They are _______________________ water treatment now.

 

Exercise 8.

Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.

Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.

1. (как) my sister (так и) my friends were upset when we heard the news.

2.(ни) John (ни) I liked the performance.

3.He worked quickly (потому что) he was highly qualified.

4.I haven't seen him (с тех нор как) he carried out an experiment.

5.A lot of people were infected (из-за) the polluted water.

Variant VIII

Exercise 1.

Translate the text.

Employment

People of working age can be divided into three groups: the employed, the self-employed, and the unemployed.

About two thirds of the work- force are employed in service industries; compared with one quarter in manufacturing industry. A number of government schemes, programmes were introduced to help unemployed people find work.

Many unemployed people look for work in advertisements, such as those in local newspapers. Others make their first search through the government Jobcentres, where local jobs are advertised and where individual advice is given. Training can also be obtained through the Open College, that provides courses by radio and television. Two further schemes are Business Growth Training which offers financial help to employers training their own emplayees, and the Enterprise Allowance Scheme, which helps unemployed people start their own business.

If a person is unemployed for six months or longer, he or she may attend an interview with a "Restart" counsellor, who will suggest alternative way of finding work. Similar Schemes operate in the USA.

NOTE

self-employed - работать на себя, а не на хозяина, counsellor - советник.

название организации можно не переводить.

Exercise 2.

Give English equivalents to:

1)  по сравнению;

2) ввести правительственные программы;

3) подготовить своих собственных служащих;

4) начинать собственный бизнес;

5) правительственные центры занятости.

 

Exercise 3

Give Ukrainian (Russian) equivalents to:

1) to divide into;

2) two - thirds;

3) to look for work in advertisements;

4) such as;

5) a number of.

Exercise 4.

Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.

Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition.

Mu знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.

2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.

Он слышал, что она рисует картины.

1. They advised (we) to find a job in local newspapers.

2. She saw (he) enter the University.

3. I want (you) to apply to a counsellor.

4. These courses promise (they) to provide a job.

5. He makes (she) go to the Jobcenter.

 

 

Exercise 5.

Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.

Model:   1. Everybody learns much by __ (to travel) around the world.

Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.

Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.

1. 1 heard of his___ (to be sent) to the courses.

2. Go on ____  (to look for) a job in advertisements.

3. We like their method of__ (to train).

1. There is no use in ___ (to find) a job through this agency.

2. Thank you for your _ (to recommend) me to the chief.

 

Exercise 6.

Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model:  1. She said that they__ in Oxford.

A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.

1. The police found out that Bob Slant_______in London’s suburbs all that time.

A. lives

B. live

C. had been living

2. The students couldn't do the translation because they _______special terms.

A. had not learnt

B. does not learn

C. do not learn

3. Tom had not been informed that the lecture_________on Tuesday.

A. does not take place

B. would not take place

C. won't take place

4. He said he    a job.

A. had found

B. finds

C. has found

5. They promised they__________their own employees.

A. train

B. would train

C. will train

 

Exercise 7.

Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.

Models:


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