A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence
FINAL TEST
VOCABULARY
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
1.Telecommunications specialists herald the Internet as one of the greatest technological developments of all
times because it is the fastest way to information.
a. dispel b. disseminate c. disperse d. dissolve
2. Not having my glasses, I intently at the small print, which I knew I had to read carefully
before signing the contract.
a. glared b. glanced c. glimpsed d. peered
3. So anxious was I about my exam results that I spent the whole night staring at the of
the clock waiting for daybreak.
a. neck b. foot c. head d. hands
4. The man who escaped with only minor injuries from the building that collapsed during the earthquake is being
at Lawrance Hospital in Bronxville.
a. healed b. cured c. treated d. remedied
5. My doctor said that I had with a stomach bug and that the severe abdominal pain and
nausea would subside after about seven days.
a. come down b. come round c. brought up d. went off
6. Before entering the water the diver twice in the air with such grace and precision that
all seven judges gave him a high score.
a. wobbled b. sauntered c. somersaulted d. strutted
7. The Constitution in a clear and unambiguous manner the civil and political rights of all
citizens of the country.
a. codifies b. fortifies c. testifies d. classifies
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8. My parents told me that I would have to paddle my own if I wished to pursue a career
in showbiz.
a. ship b. boat c. raft d. canoe
9. Mark has been in antique and vintage jewellery for the last five years, and I must admit
that he’s done pretty well for himself.
a. dealing b. importing c. exporting d. trading
10. It is our unquenchable thirst for knowledge and our curiosity for the unknown that have led to us to
breakthroughs that have altered the course of history.
a. taking b. making c. having d. producing
11. The stringent laws regulating organ donation that were than ten years ago are to
undergo modification to increase the availability of organs for transplantation.
a. performed b. activated c. proceeded d. enacted
12. Never have I met a more person than Gary. He never thinks about the consequences
of his actions; he just acts on the spur of the moment.
a. inquisitive b. impulsive c. obstinate d. intolerant
13. Before becoming a junior executive, I attended a course which provided crucial instruction on how best to
conflict situations.
a. handle b. manipulate c. operate d. cope
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14. Sally needs to be taken down a or two because she’s become very conceited ever
since she won that Young Designer’s Award.
a. stride b. line c. peg d. size
15. Mohandas Gandhi strongly the use of violence and brute force in one’s quest for
liberty, instead he advocated nonviolent resistance.
a. doomed b. convicted c. sentenced d. condemned
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B. Read the sentences and complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1. The argument made by the government official was so that, upon hearing
him, many were convinced that he was telling the truth. FORCE
2. Although qualifications are of paramount importance, what determines a candidate’s
is his/her practical experience and leadership skills. ELIGIBLE
3. Not only does environmental facilitate the spread of deadly diseases,
but it also assists in the creation of new ones. DEGRADE
4. The triathlon, which consists of swimming, running and cycling, is a multi-sport event which requires
a good level of physical fitness and . ENDURE
5. Initially, I was very reserved but the upbeat tempo had an effect and
I ended up shedding all my inhibitions and having a good time. LIFT
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6. Our on mobile technology has reached such outrageous proportions
that it is interfering with our personal relationships. RELY
7. In to public demand, the government decided to hold a referendum
before passing the bill. RESPOND
8. Medical practitioners are concerned about the widespread of obesity
because it is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. PREVAIL
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Grammar
A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
1. She such excellent progress that I was really shocked to hear that she was given the
sack.
a. is making b. had been making c. has been making d. made
2. You should not allow yourself by small and insignificant things.
a. to distract b. to be distracting c. to be distracted d. to have been distracted
3. by the company that produces the product, it is logical that the report spoke in favour
of it.
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a. To have written b. To be written c. Having been written d. Writing
4. If Joanne hadn’t decided to stop working to look after her children, her medical practice
now.
a. would have thrived b. would be thrived c. would have been thriving d. would be thriving
5. fair, it was Jessica who came up with the idea that secured us that lucrative deal, not
Betty.
a. Having been b. To be c. To have been d. Having been
6. Even though he had been working for the company for less than a year, his initiative and drive led to
a promotion.
a. his being given b. him to be given c. his given d. him to give
7. Scarcely do I get back from work I have to leave to go to that seminar I am presently
attending.
a. then b. than c. before d. when
8. If only my father waiting at the office because now it’s too late for him to take me to the
party.
a. hadn’t been kept b. didn’t keep c. wouldn’t be kept d. won’t keep
9. Such a nervous wreck _______________ at the onset of the audition that I ended up fainting.
a. was I b. I was c. were I d. I was being
10. I would have preferred about the meeting a few days ahead of time rather than at the
last minute.
a. to have informed b. having informed c. informing d. to have been informed
11. accepting accountability for the oil spill, the company refused to foot the bill for the
clean up.
a.In spite b.Although c.However d.Despite
12.When the scandal broke out, the director of the company decided to hand in his resignation
create a lot of bad publicity for the company.
a.so as not to b.in order not c.in case he d.so that
13.Jeremy may not have the authority to, but he orders everyone around as though he a
senior executive.
a.is b.is being c.were d.has been
14. In retrospect, he realised that he had been the ideal candidate for the job and regretted
for the position.
a. not to apply b. not applying c. not to have applied d. not being applied
15. Whenever I into Lorrette, she talks about the environmental group which she is a
member of.
a. bump b. am bumping c. bumped d. have bumped
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B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and eight words including the word given.
1. I bought ten items of clothing but I didn’t need five of them.
WHICH
I bought ten items of clothing use to me.
2. Allegedly, this advanced telecommunications system was invented by two very resourceful young lads.
SAID
This advanced telecommunications system two very
resourceful young lads.
3. Perhaps he was behaving so peevishly because what you said offended him.
BEEN
He because what you said offended him.
4. ‘While Harold Robbins was serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he was leaking confidential information’,
said the journalist.
OF
Harold Robbins while he was serving as Minister of
Foreign Affairs.
5. You should on no account give the parcel to anyone other than the person in question.
BE
Under to anyone but the person in question.
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READING
Read the text and answer the questions 1-7. Choose a, b, c or d.
Ancient Ancestors:
What were the Neanderthals
really like?
In 1856, quarry workers in Germany found some bones in a cave which on first sight seemed to belong to a bear or other large mammal. However, these bones were later identified as being of a previously unknown species of hominid similar to humans, which were named Neanderthals after the valley in which the cave is located. Since then, numerous other similar remains have been discovered, and it has been established that the Neanderthals inhabited parts of Europe and Central Asia from around 400,000 to 28,000 years ago.
Traditionally, Neanderthals have been portrayed derogatively, as uncivilised and unsophisticated grunting cavemen. In the knowledgeable science-fiction writer HG Wells’ short story The Grisly Folk (1921), for example, they are depicted as savage creatures who deserved to die out. The reasons for this negative portrayal are not altogether clear, although it might have something to do with Neanderthals’ physical characteristics. They were about the same height as contemporary Homo sapiens, our ancestors, but they had a more robust build, with barrel chests and shorter limbs, and indeed were much stronger, especially in the arms and hands, which might bring to mind a great ape, such as a gorilla. Their heads were also characteristically different to those of Homo sapiens, and with their receding chins and foreheads appeared much more ape-like. Thus it was all too easy to see Neanderthals as thickheaded semi-humans. Indeed, this attitude is reflected linguistically, since calling someone a ‘Neanderthal’ infers stupidity and a disposition to resort to brute force.
Scientific research has nonetheless concluded that this popular conception of Neanderthals is mere prejudice. Firstly, the evidence that exists seems to indicate that they had comparable intelligence to modern humans. Their cranial capacity was the same or slightly larger than contemporary Homo sapiens, indicating that they had brains at least as big. Moreover, it seems that the brain areas responsible for complex thought were just as advanced as ours, and so they probably had the ability to think like us. Nevertheless, because we have only bones and no soft tissue to go on, any conclusions drawn about Neanderthal brains and cognitive capacity can only be provisional at best. This said, if Neanderthals were indeed intelligent, we would expect that there to be some signs of Neanderthals applying this intelligence, and indeed we do.
Neanderthals performed many sophisticated tasks which are normally associated only with humans. For example, it is known that they controlled fire, constructed complex shelters and skinned animals. They also made various tools, including hammers of bone and wood, and stone-headed axes and spears. They even seem to have performed burial ceremonies, since they buried their dead with flowers and tools. It is also believed that they used a kind of body paint, and perhaps even had jewellery, with the caveat that the latter may have instead been traded from the Homo sapiens who co-existed with them.
There is, however, a particular ability that human beings have which makes us unique, namely language. Like us, Neanderthals lived in groups and had varied social systems, and so language would have been very useful for them. Nevertheless, the idea that they lacked complex language was widespread until 1983, when a Neanderthal hyoid was found at Kebara Cave in Israel. The hyoid is a small bone which connects the muscles of the tongue with those of the larynx in a way that facilitates a notably wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements. The hyoid bone found in the Kebara Cave is virtually identical to that of modern humans, indicating that Neanderthals were able to make a comparably broad range of sounds, as required for speech. So it seems that Neanderthals could do more than merely grunt.
Another factor important in communication by speech is understanding. From the shape of their outer and middle ears, Neanderthals appear to have had an auditory sensitivity similar to modern humans and very much more advanced than chimpanzees. Thus, they were probably able to differentiate between many different sounds, such as the various sounds of spoken language. Indeed, some researchers hypothesise that they enjoyed music and singing.
1. What did HG Wells say about Neanderthals?
a. They had never actually existed.
b. They were intelligent and innovative.
c. They still lived on in certain parts of the world.
d. They were inferior to Homo sapiens.
2. What may have led to Neanderthals’ being depicted in an unfavourable light?
a. their size and build
b. the fact that they were stronger than Homo sapiens
c. the fact that they descended from gorillas
d. their volatile temper and tendency to violence
3. According to the writer, what is true of Neanderthals’ brains?
a. They were certainly larger and as advanced as the ones of modern humans.
b. The evidence that Neanderthals applied their intelligence is inconclusive.
c. They were the same size as the ones of modern humans or even slightly bigger.
d. They were very similar to the ones of modern humans in terms of size and cognitive capacity.
4. What does caveat in paragraph 4 mean?
a. cautionary note
b. conviction
c. scientific discovery
d. evidence
5. The writer implies that
a. there are several misconceptions regarding Neanderthals.
b. Neanderthals were not as ugly and violent as many people think.
c. Neanderthals were as intelligent as Homo sapiens.
d. more scientific research is required in order to discard the prejudices linked with Neanderthals.
6. The discovery of a Neanderthal hyoid bone is very important because it shows that Neanderthals
a. spoke a complex language.
b. could make a large variety of sounds.
c. were able to make only animal noises.
d. had vocal organs identical to the ones of modern humans.
7. What did examination of Neanderthal ears show?
a. They were able to understand human speech.
b. They could hear very quiet sounds.
c. The shape of their ears was the same as modern humans.
d. They could distinguish a wide range of sounds.
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