Переведите предложения с учетом особенностей употребления местоимений в английском и русском языках
Особенности перевода некоторых частей речи
Особенности перевода английских глаголов
А. согласования времен
Например:
Не says he is interested in sports.
He said he was interested in sports.
ð в русс яз - настоящее время при одновременности действия, прошедшее время при предшествовании действия.
| Не says he is interested in sports. | |
| Не said he was interested in sports. | |
| He said he had been interested in sports. |
Б. грамматические vs лексические значения; Present Perfect и Past Perfect → слова прежде, раньше, уже, еще и т. д. (лексическим путем передается грамматическое значение)
| "But I haven't finished my story," she said. | |
| Darkness had fallen by the time he returned. |
В. В материалах оригинально-информативного характера в английском языке =shall+V, русс яз = форма настоящего времени.
| Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote. |
Особенности перевода местоимений
А. В англ яз - частое употребление притяжательных местоимений, в русс яз - является избыточным => притяжательные местоимения во многих случаях опускаются.
| She took off her coat and walked into the room. |
Б. Действующее лицо, выраженное личным местоимением (или сущ.) в главной и придаточной части сложноподчиненного предложения одно и то же, в русс яз в придаточной части предложения оно опускается.
| He'll come as soon as he can. | |
| Frances said she didn't know about his arrival. |
В. one/you = подлежащее в неопределенно-личных предложениях.
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| One can't help admiring the monument. | |
| "I don't know if you can call it a fortune," said Ellie. |
Практические задания
Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на передачу «связанных» глагольных форм.
1. Не said his teaching method worked best with young children. 2. She argued that Mike was the best person for the job. 3. I told Jim that I did not like going to parties. 4. They noted that the rate of inflation was slowing down. 5. Mary said that she learnt how to eat with chopsticks. 6. The President announced that the country was at war with its neighbours. 7. The researchers estimated that between five and ten people died each day from food poisoning. 8. Scientists often commented that there were no easy solutions in energy conservation. 9. I explained that my paintings were not for sale. 10. He studied the menu in some detail but instead of ordering food asked if there was a good fish-and-chip shop nearby. 11. She's not here this afternoon. She said she was going to spend the weekend with some friends. 12. Researchers found that a burst of exercise half an hour before going on stage reduced stress and anxiety. 13. The Home Office yesterday reaffirmed its analysis that a link between licensed firearms and crime could be shown. 14. Don Wales said they were confident and determined to succeed, provided the weather was with them.
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на передачу глаголов в форме Past Perfect. Прокомментируйте случаи, где для адекватной передачи временной соотнесенности глаголов требуется введение лексических элементов.
А 1. I returned to the office even more depressed than before. Geraldine had gone but Julie was there. 2. As I approached the building now, I recalled the first occasion, eighteen months before, when I had driven up that twisting ribbon of gold. What a glorious place to live, I had thought. 3. Aidan Dunne watched the flowering of the Italian class with a pleasure that he had not known possible. 4. Peggy said Jerry's English teacher was delighted with him. He hadn't understood what poetry meant and now he did. 5. The Garaldis had never been made so welcome as in Ireland. Today was just one more example of it. 6. "I don't believe it," she cried out. I had never seen her quite so angry. 7. Liza had heard the music. She could even have said what it was, something called Swan Lake, by Tchaikovsky. 8. I was sure I'd be able to get home alone. Anita had given incredibly detailed instructions, right down to the last lamp post. 9. This was a land where the people had suffered, were still suffering and expected to suffer tomorrow. 10. The family began to warm to me in a way that I had not expected. 11. I was stunned. A quite brilliant thought, and one, which had simply not occurred to me. 12. In truth there was no coincidence at all. Claire had seen to that. 13. If you work until six, seven at night, and everybody has gone home, it's not a good idea for you to be walking out into a dark parking lot to get in your car. 14. The voice was icy now, and Bernard quickly nodded his understanding. He had never realized how frightening the Inspector could be. 15. Lewis thanked him and decided to communicate the information immediately. Morse had told him that if anything" important came up, a message would always get through to him. 16. As they had agreed, Plant picked him up outside the college at one o'clock. 17. Her dining table was still set when he arrived. She had obviously had soup but nothing else. He could see, too, that she had been crying. 18. She had been frightened, but she wasn't frightened now; this must mean he had not asked the question she feared to hear. 19. Caroline who had been an almost silent member of the party spoke for the first time. 20. She pushed open the door and saw almost at once that she had been right. The reading-lamp had been left on and there were two volumes on the table. Someone had been reading. 21. There was nothing around her to show that eight years had passed. 22. Suddenly the sky, which had been an expanse of clear azure blue, was darkened by a rolling cloud as grimy as factory smoke.
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Б. When Victoria came round she realized almost instantly, although it had never happened to her before, that she must have fainted. She had a dim memory of falling off her chair in the Geography room. Had she really asked permission, got up and left the room? She remembered thinking about it, but not actually doing it. She felt very much better now. The nausea and the noise in her head had gone. Well, what a very strange thing. She had fainted. How annoying that there had been absolutely nobody to see it. By the time Miss Wells, the younger and the nicer of the two games teachers, came into the room, Victoria had been awake for some time. The events of the day had come back to her with a dismaying clarity, right up to her collapse, in the corridor. What she wanted, desperately wanted, to believe was that all those odd happenings had been in some way hallucinations, distortions brought about by the build-up to the faint. It occurred to her to look through one of her exercise-books — her bag had been repacked and brought to the sick bay by Lesley.
3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение глагола shall.
1. No member shall use force against the territory and political independence of any country, or threaten to use force. The United Nations shall not intervene in the domestic affairs of any country, except when it is acting to enforce international peace. 2. All legislative power herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second year by the Peoples of every State. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 3. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction. 4. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts. 5. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years. 6. The Secretary-General of the UN shall transmit the reports to all State Parties. 7. Mr. В shall promote the product both by direct mail and by personal representation, creating local editions of the annual catalogue and special leaflets from time to time. 8. The stock shall be consigned by Mr. A to Mr. В and shall remain Mr. As property until sold. Mr. В shall hold the stock insured to the extent of its replacement cost. Mr. В shall bear the shipping cost. 9. Mr. A shall provide artwork or film of promotional material for the agent's.
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Переведите предложения с учетом особенностей употребления местоимений в английском и русском языках.
А. 1. The Orient Express started on its three days' journey across Europe. 2. He slipped his hands into his pocket and produced a matchbox. 3. Then he rose himself and pushed back his chair. 4. He blinked and his hands went to his face. 5. He waved his hand to her. 6. There was perfume around her, and a hint of makeup on her eyes. 7. He found his coat in one of the bedrooms, along with his gloves. 8. He left his car and went to the front door. 9. The watch was expensive: it had no numbers on its face. 10. It was Michael's turn to shrug his shoulders. 11. He picked a grape from the bunch and popped it into his mouth. 12. He finished his coffee and rose to go. 13. He made no attempt to hide his anger. He puffed out his checks, shook his hand and grimaced theatrically. 14. Tim wanted to play first, since he was already in his track suit. 15. Gary jumped to his feet and demanded that he be given the opportunity of a rematch. 16. At seven-thirty he looked at his watch, then at his wife, and having received a nod, rose to his feet. "I think we must begin," he said, turning his gentle smile upon us.
Б. 1. Did she appear excited? — She was just as she always is. 2. He was only a policeman and he didn't have a university degree. 3. He said he was glad to hear it. 4. After the weekend she said she wouldn't disturb us any longer, and anyway she'd got to get back to her job. 5. She said she was going to buy a horse, perhaps more than one. 6. He said he couldn't speak then because he had a visitor with him. 7. My wife said so once. She said she thought she had some special grudge against her. 8. Frances realized that she had been talking too loudly. 9. He felt tired, and recalled that he had not slept, that he had been involved in strenuous labour throughout the short night. 10. Andrew is nice, but he's a bit weird. 11. I'll be back as soon as I can. 12. Michael said he preferred to sit on the balcony. 13. He had moved into the house seven years ago, at the time when he had started work as a librarian. 14. The wall was magnificent. Straight and solid it looked as if it had been there for centuries. 15. I didn't know what I had expected, but Nazareth was something of a disappointment. 16. He's a big football fan. He says he knows all the players.
B. 1. "It shows that one should be careful what one says," she said lightly. 2. After so many days of hard work one wants a few hours of rest. 3. He was the sort of guy you wouldn't mind hanging
round for. 4. Do you really believe one could do that? 5. One couldn't deny the resemblance. 6. One has to think of the practical side of the things. 7. One never knows what to say in such situations. 8. One always thinks other people's lives are more interesting. 9. You cannot learn a language in six months. 10. One/You should never give people advice. 11. If one wishes to make oneself thoroughly unpopular, one has merely to tell people the truth. 12. There are three principles routes by which one drives to North Wales. 13. She's one of those people who bore you to death with account of their important acquaintances. 14. It was always the same at these interviews. One had to be as honest as possible, but in a dishonest kind of way. 15. You can't force people to love you ... you can't force them to be loyal. All you can do is keep affection alive and hope for the best.
Г. ... Once I went for a walk with him along Town Street on a Saturday afternoon. It was a warm day, and after a while I said I wanted a soda. Well, he said, he didn't care if he took something himself. We went into a drugstore, and I ordered a chocolate soda and he had a lemon phosphate. When we had finished, he said, "Jimmy, my son, I'll watch you to see who pays for the drinks." He handed me a quarter and he told me to toss the quarter and he would call the turn. He called heads and won. I paid for the drinks. It left me with a dime. The last time I saw Doc Marlowe was just a few days before he died. I didn't know anything about death, but I knew that he was dying when I saw him. His voice was very faint and his face was drawn; they told me he had a lot of pain. When I got ready to leave room, he asked me to bring him a tin box that was on his bureau. I got it and handed it to him. He poked around in it for a while with unsteady fingers and finally found what he wanted. He handed it to me. It was a quarter, or rather it looked like a quarter, but it had heads on both sides. "Never let the other fellow call the turn, Jimmy, my hoy," said Doc, with a shadow of his old twinkle and the echo of his old chuckle.
Переведите следующий текст.
US Business Says Elizabeth I was "Perfect Chief Executive" America's business leaders have a new role model. She has been dead nearly 400 years. According to a leading business writer, Elizabeth I was the perfect chief executive officer, who engineered "one of the most dramatic corporate turn rounds ever seen" after inheriting the throne of England in 1558.
The Virgin Queen, says Dr. Alan Axelrod, was "an example of a leader who assumed power under the worst possible conditions. Mary had left the Kingdom in a pretty sorry state, on the verge of civil war and close to bankruptcy. By the time of her death 45 years later, the English had one of the strongest economies in Europe and had laid the foundations for the greatest empire the world had ever seen."
Dr. Axelrod, the author of the book Elizabeth I, GEO, believes Elizabeth's reign provides valuable lessons for aspiring modern business leaders. "She both led and managed England as a brilliant executive runs a great corporation," he says. "The life of Elizabeth has much to say to those beginning their climb up the corporate ladder as well as those who, having attained the top rung, do not want to slip from it."
He lists 10 leadership qualities in which Elizabeth excelled, including creating an image, building a loyal staff and "growing the enterprise and crushing the opposition." She compares favourably with monarchs such as George III, who lost the American colonies and who, Dr. Axelrod says, fatally believed his rights as king mattered more than his leadership qualities.
Elizabeth, by contrast, he says, used her feminine wiles to consolidate her power. She knew that being a leader was something you earned. Elizabeth could be ruthless, but she also understood if she lost the support of the people
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