TEXT 3 AGRICULTURE IN BELARUS



ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫЙ РАЗДЕЛ

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО УРОВЕНЯ А.. 2

TEXT 1 PRODUCTION PRACTICES.. 2

TEXT 2 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING.. 3

TEXT 3 AGRICULTURE IN BELARUS.. 4

TEXT 4 GROWING POTATOES IN GREAT BRITAIN.. 6

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОГО УРОВЕНЯ B 7

TEXT 5 ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITY.. 7

TEXT 6 ECONOMY, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY.. 8

TEXT 7 THE PIG INDUSTRY AND UK AGRICULTURE.. 9

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯТВОРЧЕСКОГО УРОВЕНЯ B 11

TEXT 8 MAN AND DESTRUCTION OF WILDLIFE HABITAT. 11

TEXT 9 BELARUS PROMOTING AGRICULTURALCOOPERATION WITH GERMANY.. 12

TEXT 10 AGRICULTURE IN THE USA.. 14

TEXT 11 QUALITY OR QUANTITY.. 16

CONSERVATION SCRUMBLE.. 19


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«Учебно-познавательная сфера общения. Я и моя будущая профессия»

В данном разделе представлены материалы для самостоятельного изучения.

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО УРОВЕНЯ А

TEXT 1 PRODUCTION PRACTICES

Task 1. Read the text elicit the main plant production practices.

Agricultural practices for crops can be classified as to cropping patterns, water management, tillage methods, nutrient supply, pest control and harvesting techniques. Cropping patterns consider such variables as seasonal or annual rotation, fallow periods, geometry of planted area, and monoculture versus polyculture planting.

Choice among these patterns will affect the ability of soils to regenerate, the ability to sustain water supplies over an indefinite period and the total demand on external resources needed to sustain the activity. For example soil regeneration of one centimeter in depth requires approximately one millennium.

Water management choices may involve selection of groundwater, surface water or unirrigated strategies. Groundwater use is a method that must be very carefully constructed, since it may subject the aquifer to overdraft, potentially leading to catastrophic cessation of water yields; this phenomenon is currently observable in parts of the western plains in the USA and on the North China Plain, as well as numerous other world regions. Furthermore, groundwater extraction generally requires a very high energy input in order to pump water to the root zone.

Task 2. Read the text again and make up a short summary.

TEXT 2 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING

Task 1. Develop your reading skills. Study the following text and write the things this text tells us about.

 

The agricultural sector in Belarus, which employs about one-tenth of the labour force but constitutes a diminishing proportion of GDP, is dominated by large collective and state farms. Private holdings were permitted for household use during the Soviet era, but, while their number increased dramatically following independence, they remained small in size. In the early 21st century a significant number of collective farms were sold to private or state-controlled companies.

Most of the country has mixed crop and livestock farming, with a historic emphasis on flax growing. Potatoes, sugar beets, barley, wheat, rye, and corn (maize) are other important field crops; a large percentage of the grains are used for animal feed. Cattle, poultry, and pigs are the main livestock. Considerable areas of the swampy lowlands have been drained since the late 19th century, with much of the reclaimed land being used for fodder crops. Dairying and truck farming are locally important in the vicinity of Minsk. Nearly two-fifths of Belarus is covered by forests, which are exploited for the production of wood and paper products. Most of the country’s small fish yield results from aquaculture.

Task 2. Write a summary of the text.  

TEXT 3 AGRICULTURE IN BELARUS

Task 1. Write a paragraph of not more than 100 words summing up the problems which faced the agricultural sector when a serious modernization of the agrarian holdings had been performed.

Farming served as a mainstay of the Belarus economy since time immemorial. The sector employs nearly 10 percent of the total population, producing 7.5 percent of the country’s gross domestic product.

Most of the products grown in Belarus continues to come from state-run farming enterprises, some of which, like the Ostrovetskoye turkey farm in the Ostrovets District village of Izabelino (the only one of its kind in Belarus), specialize in a specific product. Industrialized dairy farms, such as those run by the Belakt and Savushkin state-run concerns, supply not only domestic needs, but they also export substantial volumes of milk products to Russia and Kazakhstan. It is said that the share of dairy exports coming out of Belarus amounts to about 4 percent of the total global trade in this category, and this year, the expected volume of milk production will likely reach upwards to the 10.5 million metric tonne mark.

 

Slowly, the agricultural sector modernizes its equipment and best practices, and the Belarusian government hopes that by 2017 many of the subsidies that today come from the national budget will no longer be needed. However, despite the fact that Belarus spends less on food production than Russia spends, stores charge the same prices for finished produce in both countries.


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