NON-TRADITIONAL RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY



It is known that much is being done in the world today for the development of non-traditional sources of energy. Without them the Earth cannot support its present population of 5 billion people and probably 8 billion people in the 21st century.

Now we are using traditional power sources, that is, oil, natural gas, coal and water power with the consumption of more than 50 billion barrels per year. It is evident that these sources are not un­limited.

That is why it is so important to use such renewable sources of energy as the sun, wind, geothermal energy and others. Research is being carried out in these fields.

One of the most promising researches is the development of power stations with direct transformation of solar energy into electricity on the basis of photo-effect. It was Russia that was the first in the world to develop and test a photoelectric battery of 32,000 volts and effective area of only 0.5 sq.m., which made it possible to concentrate solar radiation. This idea is now be­ing intensively developed in many countries.

However, the efficiency of a solar power station is considerably reduced because of the limited time of its work during the year. But it is possible to improve the efficiency of solar power stations by de­veloping different combinations of solar power stations and tradi­tional ones — thermal, atomic and hydraulic. Today some engineers are working at the problem of developing electric power stations with the use of a thermal-chemical cycle. It will operate on products of the transformation of solar energy, whereas the «solar» chemical reactor uses CO2 and water steam of the thermal power station. The result is that we have a closed cycle.

In Kamchatka there are geothermal power stations operating on hot water-steam mixture from the depths of about a kilometer. In some projects water will be heated by the warmth of mountains at a depth of four—five km.

It is planned that plants working on the energy of the solar heat provided by the sun will be built on a larger scale.

That different wind energy plants are being developed is also well-known. These energy plants can be small (of several kilowatts) and large powerful systems.

It is important that all these advances in developing new sources of energy and improving the old ones help to solve the en­ergy problem as a whole and they do not have negative effects on the environment.

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect

1. Every day July (take) the bus to go to her office. 2. At the moment you (do) an English exercise. 3. Tom and July (learn) English this year. 4. The Bank (open) at 9.30 every morning from Monday to Friday. 5. Our cousins (come) to see us next Sunday. 6. Om (read) the newspaper every morning on the train. 7. July usually (clean) the house on Sunday. 8. Doctors (cure – лечить) many deadly disease. 9. English (become) one of the most popular courses at the university. 10. I think I (see) that movie before.

Задание 3Поставьте глагол в скобках в Passive Voice

1. The bomb…(hear) 5 miles away. 2. The World Cup at football…(win) in 1982. 3. Robert Gibbs, the great plane robber…(arrest) the police yesterday. 4. It …(explain) to us how the accident had happened. 5. The Guinness Book of Records…(publish) in the 50’s. 6. The job …(offer) to Peggy. 7. I could not answer the questions I … (ask) at the interview last month. 8. My suitcase…(steal) from the hotel room. 9. We… (wake up) by the barking dog last night. 10. There is someone behind us. I think…(follow)

Задание 4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени, используя правила согласования времен в английском языке

1. She asked me if I (enjoy) her dinner. 2. He said he (be) late that evening. 3. Our children said they (not/ like) school. 4. Liz says she (see) the film. 5. She said that she (be) 20 years old the following Friday. 6. They said that they (never/ be) to Britain before. 7. He boasted that he (can) play different musical instrument. 8. Thomas told his wife that he (lose) his umbrella on the bus the day before. 9 . He asked me whether he (call) the doctor. 10. The girl said that her name (be) Joan.

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами  (must, should, would, ought to, have to, needn’t, can, could, may)

1. We … cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet. 2. Sorry I won’t be in Moscow at that time. I … go to Minsk. My parents will celebrate their fortieth wedding anniversary. 3. You … thank them. They have done so much for you. 4. The shop was losing money, so they … close down. 5. You … exercise every day to keep fit. 6. He is overworking. He really … go to bed earlier. 7. I have a splitting headache. I … take an aspirin. 8. I know you … do the job because you have knowledge and experience. 9. We told him he … go home. 10. You … drive carefully, it is foggy today.

Приложение 1

Министерство образования Нижегородской области

Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования

«Нижегородский государственный инженерно-экономический университет»

(ГБОУ ВО НГИЭУ)

 

Факультет: экономический

Кафедра: Иностранные языки

 

 

Контрольная работа

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»

(английский)

Вариант ___

 

Выполнил:

студент группы 16ЭЛЗ,

заочной формы обучения

   инженерного института

________________

                                                                                                                            (ФИО)

 

Проверил:

к.п.н., доцент Гненик М. Е.

 

____________

                                        (подпись)

 

г. Княгинино

2016

Приложение 2

Список справочной литературы:

1. Английский для технических вузов / И. П. Агабекян, П. И. Коваленко. – изд. 13-е, стер. – Ростов н/Д : Феникс, 2012. – 347 с.

2. Английский язык для инженеров: Учеб / Т. Ю. Полякова, Е. В. Синявская, О. И. Тынкова, Э. С. Улановская. – 7-е изд., исп. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007. – 463 с.

3. Крылова, И. П. Сборник упражнений по грамматике английского языка: Учебное пособие для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. – 11-е изд. – М.: КДУ, 2006. – 432 с.

4. Жданкина, И. Ю. Английский язык: учебно-методический комплекс. – Княгинино: НГИЭИ, 2011. – 157 с.

5. Быкова, Д. В. Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка (часть 2) / Д. В. Быкова. – Княгинино: НГИЭИ, 2014. – 104 с.

6. Быкова, Д. В. Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка (часть 1) / Д. В. Быкова. – Княгинино: НГИЭИ, 2012. – 112 с.

7. Сысоева, Ю. Ю. Английский язык: учебно-методический комплекс. – Княгинино: НГИЭИ, 2012.- 132 с.

8. Сысоева, Ю. Ю. Английский язык: учебная программа для 2-3 курсов ВПО. – Княгинино: НГИЭИ, 2013. – 180 с.

 

 

Приложение 3

TABLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive Past Indefinite Participle II Перевод
to be to become to begin to break to bring to build to burn to buy to choose to come to cat to do to draw to drink to drive to eat to fall to feel to fight to find to fly to forget to get to give to go to grow to hang to have to hear to hold to keep to know to lead  to learn   to leave to let to light to lose to make to mean to meet to put to read to ring to run to say to see to sell to send to set to show to shut to sing to sit to sleep to speak to spend to stand to swim to take to teach to tell to think to throw to understand to win to write was, were became began broke brought built burnt bought chose came cut did drew drank drove ate fell felt fought found flew forgot got gave went grew hung had heard held kept knew led learnt, learned left let lit lost made meant met put read rang ran said saw sold sent set showed shut sang sat slept spoke spent stood swam took taught told thought threw understood won wrote been became begun broken brought built burnt bought chosen come cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten got given gone grown hung had heard held kept known led learnt,  learned left let lit lost made meant met put read rung run said seen sold sent set shown shut sung sat slept spoken spent stood swum taken taught told thought thrown understood won  written быть становиться начинать(ся) ломать приносить строить гореть, жечь покупать выбирать приходить резать делать тащить, рисовать пить везти есть падать чувствовать бороться находить летать забывать получать давать идти, ехать расти, выращивать вешать иметь слышать держать держать, хранить знать вести учить(ся)   оставлять позволять зажигать терять делать значить встречать класть читать звонить бежать сказать, говорить видеть продавать посылать помещать, класть показывать закрывать петь сидеть спать говорить тратить, проводить стоять плавать брать учить сказать думать бросать понимать выигрывать писать

 

 

 

 

                                                                      

 

 

 


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