TimchenkoNadezhda(St Petersburg State University, Russia). Connotation of English Political DiscoursLexic Units in Relation to Speaker



The subject of the report is pragmasemantic implications of English political statements with connotative lexical items in translation into Russian. A.V. Bondarko’s “Categorisation in the Framework of Grammar” is the basis for theoretical part of the research. According to A.V. Bondarko correlation between semantics of the speaker with his point of view is treated by a number of researchers as one of the objects of the analysis related to the sphere of pragmatics/ In the center of the analyses are pragmopotential names that can represent nomination of personalities, objects abstract notions.

 

Tokareva Olga. Animacy and Gender Assignment in Literary Texts Written in English as a Translation Issue

The report describes the results of a study aimed at revealing patterns of animacy and gender assignment in literary texts written in English. Animacy and gender assignment is understood here as situations in which contextual units introduce occasional semes of animacy and gender into the meaning of an inanimate noun. Such assignment can occur in both usual (e.g. tongues of fire) and unique collocations (e.g. the river was a girl like me). In this study, we identified semantic groups of nouns prone to animacy and gender assignment, such as names of objects and phenomena of nature; names of objects and phenomena inextricably linked to humans; names of man-made objects; nouns with temporal meanings; nouns with locative meanings. We also analyzed the means of animacy and gender assignment. The most frequently used means of animacy and gender assignment in our collection of examples is the correlation of an inanimate noun with an animacy-marked verb. A comparative analysis of literary texts written in English and their official translations into Russian enabled us to draw a number of conclusions concerning the means of rendering personification in translation and to find some similarities and differences between the two linguistic worldviews concerning the conceptualization of inanimate objects as living beings. Demetaphorization of unique personifications occurred in 9% of the examples, while usual personifications became demetaphorized in 30% of the examples, prompting the conclusion that unique personifications have a higher potential of being rendered in translation. Also, demetaphorization most often occurred in the translations of sentences describing emotions and sentences characterized by gender assignment.

Tretiakova Tatiana(St Petersburg State University, Russia). The model of translation maneuvering: in search for pragmatic equivalent

The paper concerns the problem of presentation of pragmatic equivalence within the concept of translation maneuvering. This concept consists of interaction of three components – topic potential, audience demand, and presentational devices — which in aggregation provide pragmatic equivalence of ST and TT. The study of different text genres, cultural traditions and translation techniques enable to create a number of trends in the development of this concept.

 

Tsvinaria Marina(St Petersburg State University, Russia). The idea of inevitability in the semantics of Old English verbs ‘sculan’ and ‘mōtan’ and its contextual realization in the epic-heroic discourse

The notion of inevitability is one of the most ancient aspects of the semantics of the Old English verbs ‘sculan’ and ‘mōtan’, and to a more or less extent it could be rendered within the modalities of obligation and necessity, as well as within a certain type of possibility treated as permission. In either case the idea of inevitability has its roots in the Old Germanic concept of Fate (O.E. Wyrd), who was responsible for the immutable course of events (Beowulf 455: “Gǣþ ā wyrdswāhīoscel.” – Always goes fate as she must). Fate determined man’s destiny by either imposing obligations (‘sculan’) or permitting/refusing him to perform certain deeds within the allotted opportunities (mōtan).

In this study, with regard to its ideological and communicative aspects, “Beowulf” is treated as a sample of epic-heroic discourse, in which the idea of inevitability can be traced in utterances relating to both the pagan and Christian concepts of man’s fate and predetermination. The cited examples of deontic and epistemic uses of ‘sculan’ and ‘mōtan’ give the idea of the ideology and moral norms promoted in the epic.


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