Pesina Svetlana(St Petersburg State University, Russia). Invariant approach to the description of words semantics and anthropocentrism
Currently such scientific principles of cognitive paradigm as anthropocentrism, conceptualization, evolutionism, etc. are nominated at the forefront. Anthropocentric principle points to such urgent problems as human communication and language, thinking and consciousness, language and human physiology, language and speech. Human mind has always felt the similarity between the functioning of his body and a plant structure and, on the contrary, in plants he has seen an analogy with the human body. The proposed approach of invariant semantics aims at confirming the thesis that a thinking process takes place in generalizations through the specific to the general and from the general through the specific phenomena.
Pushkareva Elena. The notion of “ophrasemic lexis” in contemporary English
The formation of new phraseological units is implemented in the result of various processes in language, such as reinterpretation of word combinations, word play, the author's creation of idioms, etc. One of the ways of phraseological formation is the phraseological derivation, i.e. the creation of new phraseological units on the basis of already existing in a particular language. The present article is devoted to the ophrasemic derivatives of the English language, implemented by 1) involution, which represents a structural reduction of a language unit and 2) combinatorics – change of the layout of a phraseological unit. Involution is characterized by such methods, as the contraction of the original idiom to one word; truncation of a part of an idiom; the reduction of the original phraseological unit to one component- word with the change of the semantic load of the word. If combinatorics is combined with involution the derivation process is accompanied by suffixation. For example: from idiom to have golden heart a new derivative is formed golden-hearted in the result of truncating the verb component to have and adding the suffix –ed. Involution demonstrates such cognitive processes as language economy, the desire to increase the efficiency of communication and linguistic variance.
Safianova Irina. Creative aspects of term formation
The paper describes the dynamic process of development of terminological subsystem and summarizes the results of linguo-cognitive analyses of term formation. Cognitive approach allows to explain its specific features and determine most frequently used models.
Streltsova Anastasia(St Petersburg State University, Russia). Linguostylisticanalysis of "The Dead" by J.Joyce
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The aim of this research is to analyze and interpret James Joyce’s short story The Dead linguistically and stylistically. The Dead, along with the rest of Dubliners collection, may be considered as an extended epiphany. Stylistic devices such as metaphors, allusions, prolepsis and lexical repetition are used as elements of language play. One of the most important means is the usage of biblical names in contexts containing symbolic attributes. For instance, the name of the main character, Gabriel, is associated with the name of Archangel Gabriel who is often depicted with a shining lantern or a mirror; descriptions of the character’s appearance are marked by such lexical units as «mirror», «candle», «light». The usage of these units establishes a certain type of relation between different narrative levels. Analysis of stylistic and linguistic devices used provides a descriptive basis for interpretation of the short story.
Tolochin Igor (St. Petersburg State University, Russia), Tkalich Anna (St. Petersburg State University, Russia). Crimson: Evaluative and emotional aspects of meaning and the nature of polysemy
The paper proposes an overview of the semantic analysis of COCA contexts for crimson – adjective and noun. The data make a strong case for identifying an ambivalent evaluative experience as the core of the meaning of these words. The polysemous nature of crimson is revealed on the basis of demonstrating its stable associations with two distinct groups of contexts: one charged with negative emotion and the other representing a positive emotional experience. Further analysis suggests that the senses of crimson are genre-specific. The contextual analysis of crimson provides the ground for a critical examination of the current dictionary definitions of this adjective and highlights the insufficient and contradictory nature of treating its meaning as a hue of a basic color (red) in accordance with the well-established Berlin and Kay’s theory of colors. The paper argues in support of the recent search for a relativist theory of color perception and the meaning of colors as it is represented in language.
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VlasovaAssol(St Petersburg State University, Russia). The noun rose in poetry: redefining the senses
The paper analyses meaning of the noun rose in poetry. The use of the noun rose in poetry allows us to identify two distinct senses that appear to be overlooked by dictionaries. The first one is the archetypal, ambivalent sense of rose as the flower of exceptional beauty representing irresistible passionate attraction for perfection that remains unattainable, excites and causes suffering – the rose of wild passion). The other one seems to be an ameliorated, ‘tamed’ version of the first, rose as the flower of gentle and delicate beauty representing the transient charm of female youthfulness (the ‘tamed’ gentle and delicate rose), and is strongly associated with transiency and fragility of this beauty. Our observations suggest that a review of dictionary definitions of rose with a view to include the regularities of usage we have described could make the definitions more consistent with how this word is used in language.
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