Bobrysheva Irina. Linguoculturual analysis of nicknames of the English monarchs
The aim of this research is to analyse nicknames of the English monarchs linguistically and culturally. The analysed nicknames constitute a significant component of the British linguistic culture and project values of the nation as well as changes in them. The history of the United Kingdom monarchs have always been the centre and the source of the political power, which defined the social, moral, and cultural course of the nation in a number of ways. Such notable role of the monarch in the life of their country and their subjects explains the close attention paid to the Crown. The evaluation of the monarch’s political activity as well as their personal qualities and appearance are found in the given nicknames. The prevailing type of by-names has external causes referencing to the monarch’s political activity. In particular, Queen Victoria received her nickname the Famine Queen when an Irish revolutionary and suffragette Maud Gonne coined the term in the article of the same name accusing the queen of the famine that had descended upon Ireland. Therefore, this analysis allows observing the process of conceptualization and evaluation of a monarch’s political activity from different angles, which leads to the emersion of his or her prototypical image.
Emelianova Olga(St Petersburg State University, Russia). Quebec: a francophone island in an Anglophone ocean: On Canadian bilingualism
The paper outlines the linguo-cultural situation in Quebec, the only province in Canada with a francophone majority, depicted in the novels by modern Canadian Anglophone writer Louise Penny. The material investigated makes it possible to question the widespread belief about the mutual dislike between Anglophones and Francophones based on cultural incompatibility. The long-standing question of Quebec separation is largely based on the Francophones’struggle against infringement of their rights, including the right to use their native language. However, L.Penny’s novels also reveal Anglophones’ standpoint, i.e. their concern about the limitation of the scope of using English in Quebec. The numerous discussions on social and political issues lead by the characters reflect the complicated relationship between Anglophones and Francophones, the sources of conflict and accord between the two ‘founding races’. The paper touches upon the term ‘bilingualism’ with respect to Quebec and Quebecers. It focuses on the mechanisms of code and analyses the types of interlingual inserts, ways of their incorporation and functional characteristics.
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Grigoriev Maksim(St Petersburg State University, Russia). Linguistic representation of negative politeness in the communicative behavior of English speakers
The purpose of the study under consideration is search for lexico-grammatical means to represent one of the basic and immanent values that guide those entering a dialogue – the protection of the social Ego of the communicants. This condition, also known as “negative politeness” is established through maintenance of a "communicative distance" between them. That kind of distance is respected by taking the dialogue participants out (“beyond”) from the discourse and by making potentially dangerous communicative acts indirect. Potentially dangerous for the social Ego of a communicant one should consider such when one communicant intends to achieve his/her external (lying beyond the dialogue interaction itself) goals in the process of communicative interaction with the other, for it can for sure lead to a conflict of interests and values and between two of them. Those acts include "request", "order", "advice", and “remark”. The study was conducted on the English-language material and is designed to show both the differences and the similarities between the English-speaking and the Russian communicative cultures.
Gunkova Daria. Communicative strategies of the linguocultural type "American political commentator”
Political commentary, as a sub-genre of the genre agonistic political media discourse, is aimed at the formation of interest, the "correct" perception of the recipient beliefs reflection on certain political decisions or events, as well as its evaluation in order to form the intended political position. Accordingly, the peculiarity of the political commentary is a rigid temporal dependence on the event, which allows one to associate the comment with reality, but does not guarantee the verification of the information provided. Moreover, confirming the existence of the phenomenon of post-truth, one can establish a lack of desire among listeners to seek confirmation or refutation of scandalous statements made on the air, the Internet or social networks. Thus, subjective representations made by a political commentator have more weight for the addressee than the truth, due to the reduction of the time spent on comprehending and studying the original text.The material for the comparative analysis was the scripts of speeches and radio broadcasts of American political commentators Glenn Beck, Michael Alan Weiner and Mark Levin collected during the period from 2016 to 2017. The corps, the total volume of which is 139,153 words, made it possible to identify the following prevailing communicative discourse strategies of political commentary: the self-presentation strategy, the discredit strategy, the argumentation strategy, and the scandal-fueling strategy. We assume that these strategies are aimed, firstly, to direct impact on the addressee, and secondly, to create an information ground for social and cultural conflicts that strengthen the positions of politicians interested in this. Political commentators not only translate the essence of political decisions, but also correct public opinion, manipulating the emotions of recipients.
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