X. Read and translate the text
Social policy
Social policy relates to guidelines for the changing, maintenance or creation of living conditions that are conducive to human welfare. Thus social policy is that part of public policy that has to do with social issues. In most European countries, those types of insurance are made mandatory by law. As a result, the number of people living in industrialized democracies without health insurance is very small, with the exception of the USA. However, those policies are facing additional challenges in recent years, as the population is aging and the number of contributors dwindling, while there are more and more beneficiaries. Social policy is thus becoming an important challenge for politicians and policymakers. Social policy aims to improve human welfare and to meet human needs for education, health, housing and social security. Modern-day social policies deal with the following issues:
– the rules surrounding issues of marriage, divorce and adoption;
– poverty, welfare and homelessness and how it is to deal with these issues.
Social policy may be infl uenced by religion and the religious beliefs of politicians. Right-wing political parties as a whole generally favour a more traditionalist approach that favours individual initiative and private enterprise in social policy. Left-wing political parties, on the other hand favour the guarantee of equal rights and entitlements to all people and tend to favour state regulation or insurance to support this.
Social safety net
The social safety net is a term used to describe a collection of services provided by the state (such as welfare, unemployment benefit, universal healthcare, homeless shelters, and various subsidized services), which prevent any individual from falling into poverty beyond a certain level. A practical example of how the safety net works would be a single mother with several children, unable to work. By receiving money from the government to support her children, along with universal health care and free education, she can give her children a better chance at becoming successful members of society, rather than be caught up in the hopelessness of extreme poverty.
Social Security
Social security is sometimes used to refer specifically to social insurance, but more generally it is a term used for personal financial assistance, in whatever form it may take. It is also referred to as “income maintenance”. The reasons why financial assistance are given include the relief of poverty and social protection. The idea of “social security” implies that people ought to be able to feel secure. This involves, not only being protected against poverty, but being protected against the hardships that may arise through a change in circumstances.
1. Redistribution. Benefits which go to people who have inadequate incomes, at the expense of people who have more.
2. Solidarity. Social security is seen not simply as charity, but as a form of mutual co-operation. It is a principle which can be extended to the rest of the welfare state.
Дата добавления: 2018-02-28; просмотров: 400; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!