III. WORK AT THE FOLLOWING TEXT. 3.1. READ AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:
3.1. READ AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:
Why was the management called "scientific"?
TAYLOR: THE SECRET WAS IN THE SHOVEL
| In 1898, Frederic Taylor was a foreman at the Bethlehem Steel Company. He was responsible for all the material brought to and generated by the plant, and made sure that it was efficiently moved to the right places. As he watched the 500 men shovel the material, he noticed that each man used a different-size shovel. Taylor saw that each man brought a shovel from home, no matter what material he was assigned to move that day. Taylor also noticed that each man had his own way of shoveling. Some men could move a lot, others wasted much energy. Taylor soon discovered that none of the men had ever been taught the proper way to shovel. There was no a plan for the day's work, either. Taylor began to research the problem. He decided to conduct an experiment. He asked two of his best men to shovel for him for extra money. He studied the motions of each man carefully.so that he was able to see a way of shoveling that wasted the least amount of energy. Taylor also found that the average shovel load should be 21.5 pounds. After finishing the experiment, Taylor asked Bethlehem Steel to build an equipment shed and stock it with different size shovels. Each shovel, when used to move the material for which it was designed, could handle an average load of 21.5 pounds. Taylor also recommended that a work schedule should be prepared every day to get the men know their assignment for the next day. The shovelers could choose the proper shovel for it when they came to work. Taylor also insisted that the men should share in the extra profits. An efficient worker would receive a bonus, earning $1.75 a day instead of $1.25 a day. The company administration made use of Taylor's recommendations. The results were remarkable. After two years, Bethlehem Steel needed only 140 men compared with 500 men before. The shovelers themselves earned more money and suffered fewer injuries. Frederic Taylor later published many books and became known as the "Father of Scientific Management". He made it clear that a worker, with proper equipment and specialised training, can perform any task much more efficiently. |
3.2. READING COMPREHENSION TEST 5A.
Choose the correct variant on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text.
1. Frederic Taylor, a foreman, was interested in
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(A) becoming the founder of "scientific management"
(B) the size of shovels used by the workers
(C) the Bethlehem Steel Company advertising
(D) improving employee productivity and performance
2. Taylor understood it was necessary to
(A) waste much energy at work
(B) hire new workers with better technique
(C) research the management problems
(D) offer extra money and bonuses to employees
3. The improvements made by Taylor led to
(A) more effective time management
(B) using proper equipment and training
(C) more experiments in the field of marketing
(D) changes in the administrative structure
4. From the text we can draw a conclusion that
(A) all the workers were happy with the change
(B) Taylor cared about workers' pay and performance
(C) workers began to lose jobs by thousands
(D) Taylor's ideas were difficult to realize
5.In Lines 35-36, the expression "made it clear" is closest in meaning to
(A) discovered
(B) found
(C) proved
(D) made sure
6.According to the text, it is NOT true that
(A) Taylor's ideas found no positive response
(B) Taylor published some books on management
(C) Taylor became known as the founder of a new management school
(D) Taylor came to his discovery through simple experiments
IV. CLASSROOM TEXT-BASED ACTIVITIES
4.1. CHOOSE THE RIGHT TRANSLATION.
1. In 1898, Frederic Taylor was a foreman at the Bethlehem Steel Company.
a) в 1898 году Фредерик Тейлор был мастером в компании "Bethlehem Steel".
b) Фредерик Тейлор работал мастером в компании "Вифлеемская Сталь" в 1898 году.
c) в 1898 году Фредерик Тейлор работал мастером на сталили-тейном заводе компании "Бетлехем Стил".
2. There was no plan for the day's work, either.
a) там не было плана дневной работы тоже.
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b) отсутствовал также график работы на каждый день.
c) отсутствовал также график дневной работы.
3. Taylor also found that the average shovel load should be 21.5 pounds.
a) Тейлор также определил, что рабочий должен поднимать на лопате груз со средним весом около 10 кг.
b) Тейлор также определил, что средний вес поднимаемого лопатой груза должен быть 21.5 фунта.
c) Тейлор также нашел, что средний груз на лопате должен быть 21.5 фунта.
4. An efficient worker would receive a bonus.
a) самоокупаемый рабочий получал премию.
b) за эффективный труд рабочий получал прибавку к зарплате.
c) эффективный рабочий получил бы премиальные.
4.2. TRANSLATE LINES 24-37 AT SIGHT.
4.3. MATCH THE HALVES RIGHT.
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4.4. STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION TEST 5B.
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Taylor's job was to make sure that the material________ to the right place.
(A) is moved
(B) was moved
(C) has been moved
(D) had been moved
2. The foreman soon discovered that each worker_______ a shovel from home.
(A) was brought
(B) was bringing
(C) bringing
(D) brought
3. Much enegry_____ when some workers engaged in their every day work.
(A) was wasted
(B) was saved
(C) was stocked
(D) was handled
4. A work schedule makes the assignment for the next day ______ to every worker.
(A) is known
(B) was known
(C) known
(D) has known
5. Taylor's recommendations by the Bethlehem Steel Company leading to more
efficient performance.
(A) were made use of
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(B) were made use
(C) were made used
(D) were made used of
6. Frederic Taylor_____ was a very outstanding personality.
(A) who become known as the father of "scientific management"
(B) who became known as the father of "scientific management"
(C) that became known as the father of "scientific management"
(D) which became known as the father of "scientific management”.
V. CONVERSATION PRACTICE
5.1. SAY IT DIFFERENTLY.
1. Much material was produced by the Bethlehem Steel Company.
2. Taylor saw that different-size shovels were used by workers.
3. Taylor found out that none of the workers had been taught.
4. The problem of improving employee performance was studied.
5. New shovels were made to deal with average loads effectively.
6. Taylor recommended to use a detailed plan of each day's work.
7. As a result, more money was received by efficient workers.
8. Taylor was later called the founder of scientific management.
5.2. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING.
1. In 1898, Frederic Taylor ________
2. He looked for innovative ways _______
3. Taylor wanted to discover ______
4. He decided _____
5. Two best workers shoveled for him ______
6. He was able to produce ______
7. Taylor recommended the company ______
8. He also insisted that _____
9. Workers began _______
10. Taylor proved ________
5.3. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1. Taylor was responsible for production, wasn't he?
2. How many workers was he responsible for?
3. They were assigned the same task each day, weren't they?
4. What did Taylor not like about the performance?
5. Why was much energy wasted by some workers?
6. The problem was researched carefully, wasn't it?
7. What sort of experiment was conducted by Taylor?
8. Why was Bethlehem Steel asked to build an equipment shed?
9. How were the new shovels designed?
10.In what way was performance improved?
11.Which of Taylor's ideas can be used today?
12.Do you think we can use "scientific management" in the CIS?
5.4. AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING.
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1. F. Taylor is known as the father of scientific management.
2. In 1897, a book on the problem was published by him.
3. The experiment he conducted was simple but very effective.
4. His innovative ideas were used only one hundred years later.
5. Taylor's experiments resulted in more profits for the company.
6. Taylor insisted extra profits should be shared by managers.
7. Those innovations helped handle managerial problems.
8. Any worker can perform better with specialized training.
VI. DISCUSSION
6.1. RETELL the text in short, working in pairs (no extra pay, though).
6.2. DESCRIBE this familiar episode from a book written by Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer knew a thing or two about management, didn't he?
6.3. YOU ARE a shoveler at Bethlehem Steel. SHARE your problems with your fellow worker.
6.4. YOU ARE a young foreman at Bethlehem Steel. PRESENT your plan how to improve workers' performance to the company boss.
6.5. ROLEPLAY a conversation between Frederic Taylor and his best men before the beginning of the experiment.
6.6. ROLEPLAY a management meeting at Bethlehem Steel where Frederic Taylor reported about the results of his experiment.
6.7. COMPARE the activities of Frederic Taylor with those of Henry Fayol. Refer 1 Exercise 7.4 for information.
6.8. LECTURE on the early history of management thought. Prepare to answer questions.
6.9. STUDY the information leaflet below. Say what kind of program it is and wha the aims are.
The Britich Counci
Moskow
Joint Industrial And Commercial Attachment Programme (JICAP)
Background
JICAP is a five-week management training programme in the UK for managers from Russia and the CIS. It is designed to promote the implementation of positive structural changes in companies by providing training to its key personnel. JICAP is fully financed by the British Foreign Office's Know How Fund (KHF), including all training, transport and living costs.
Programme
JICAP is divided into two parts:
* Short management training course — Topics include financial management, quality management and how to write a business plan. Candidates will also study key management skills, getting a better understanding of their own strengths and abilities.
* 3-week work attachment — The manager will actively work in the company and visit several departments to get an overall picture of how the company is managed.
Criteria
The British Council is looking for dynamic, ambitious managers who have clear ideas of what they want to learn. They should also have the following:
* Aged between 25-45 years old;
* Graduated from a university or institute;
* Speak and understand English well;
* Work as manager in a Russian owned, commercial company.
Interested?
6.10. REPORT about the experience you've got during your stay in the UK
participating on the JICAP.
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