The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978
PyotrLeonidovich Kapitsa
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"
Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977
Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck
"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976
Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting
"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975
Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater
"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974
Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish
"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever
"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"
Brian David Josephson
"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972
John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer
"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971
Dennis Gabor
"for his invention and development of the holographic method"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970
Hannes Olof GöstaAlfvén
"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"
Louis Eugène Félix Néel
"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969
Murray Gell-Mann
"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968
Luis Walter Alvarez
"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967
Hans Albrecht Bethe
"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966
Alfred Kastler
"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
Sin-ItiroTomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman
"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964
Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963
Eugene Paul Wigner
"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"
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