Pathphysiology of thermoregulation, fever
Where is the thermosensible zone of thermoregulating center:
1. In medulla oblongata
2. In spinal cord
3. In hyvesselhalamus
4. In cortex of brain
5. Diencephalon
The fever is characterized:
1. Infringement of mechanisms of thermoregulation
2. Failure of mechanisms of thermoregulation
3. Rearrangement of mechanisms of thermoregulation, disorder of metabolism
4. Overheating of an organism
5. Is finished by thermal shock
How exopirogen reacts on hyvesselhalamus:
1. Directly on elements of hyvesselhalamus
2. Reflex way
3. By means of formation of leukocytic pyrogens
4. Endopyrogen(formation in tissues of brain)
5. By means of change of tissue metabolism
The leukocytic pyrogens are developed mainly by:
1. Lymphocytes
2. Erythrocytes
3. Neutrophils, monocytes
4. Thrombocytes
5. Erythroblasts
Which heat balance takes place in the first phase of fever:
1. The thermolysis prevails above heat production
2. The heat production prevails above thermolysis
3. The thermolysis is peer to heat production
4. The heat production does not change
5. The heat production is badly expressed
What plays the basic role in rising of temperature in adults in the first stage of fevers:
1. Augmentation of heat production, decrease of thermolysis, narrowing of peripheral vessels
2. Decrease of heat production
3. Fall of blood pressure
4. Oppression of metabolism
5. Dilating peripheral vessels
What attributes are characteristic for the first stage of fever:
1. Vasodilatation of skin
2. Bradycardia
3. Dropping of arterial pressure
4. Narrowing of skin vessels, rising of blood pressure
5. General hyperemia
What heat balance in the second stage of fever:
1. The heat production exceeds thermolysis
2. The thermolysis exceeds heat production
3. Thermolysis and heat production are peer, relative decrease of standard metabolism
4. Relative augmentation of standard metabolism,
5. Decrease of thermolysis
What attributes are characteristic for the third stage of fever:
1. Spastic stricture of dermal vessels
2. Dilating dermal vessels, dropping of arterial pressure
3. Bradycardia
4. Rising arterial pressure
5. Paleness of skin
Leukocytic pyrogens attack on:
1. Thermosensible peripheral receptors
2. Hyvesselhalamus
3 Myelencephalons
4 Spinal cords
5. Diencephalon
What represents danger to the patient in third stage of fever:
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1. Fast droop of temperature, collapse
2. Strong diaphoresis
3. Diaphoresis of venous pressure
4. Gradual droop of temperature
5. Rising of blood pressure
How changes respiration and cardiovascular system in the second stage of fever:
1. Rare respiration
2. Bradycardia
3. The blood pressure is rather depressed, tachycardia and tachypnoe
4. Rising of blood pressure, tachypnoe
5. Bradypnoe, collapse
How is name fever with temperature above 41. degrees:
1. Subfebrile
2. Febrile (moderate)
3. Pyrectic (high)
4. Hyperpyretic, excessively high
5. Subcritical
How the secretion of alimentary glands in 2 stages of fever proceeds:
1. Is oppressed, there is an anorexia
2. Strengthens
3. Does not change
4. Arises bulemia
5. Increases
Consequence of action on organism of high temperature is:
1. Hyvesselhermia
2. Kinetosis
3. Combustions
4. Cold
5. Overheating, thermal shock
The fever is:
1. Typical pathological process
2. Pathological reaction
3. morbid condition
4. Illness
5. Nosological unit
Shivering is characteristic for:
1. First stage of fever
2. Second stage of fever
3. Third stage of fever
4. Overheating
5. Thermal shock
The diaphoresis is most expressed in:
1. First stage of a fever
2. Second stage of a fever
3. Third stage of a fever
4. During overheating
5. Thermal shock
Azotic balance in fever is:
1. Negative
2. Positive
3. Does not change
4. Changes insignificantly
5. Is not expressed
The organism of the man tolerates easier:
1. Fever, hyvesselhermia
2. Thermal shock
3. solar stroke
4. Overheating
5. Hyperthermia
Positive properties of fever are:
1. Loss of consciousness, cramp
2. Drop of barrier function of liver
3. Oppression of phagocytosis
4. Intensifying metabolism, intensifying of phagocytosis
5. Sensitization of an organism
The positive role of fever consists in:
1. Inhibition of synthesis of antibodies
2. Dropping metabolism
3. Development of negative nitrous balance
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4. Augmentation of formation of interferon
5. Diffusion of bacteria in organism
Most hard fever is tolerated by the persons with:
1. Diseases of cardiovascular system, hyperthyroidism
2. Ulcer of a stomach
3. Diseases of skin
4. Diseases of pancreas
5. At edemas
For remittent fever is characteristic:
1. Large gaps with drop of morning temperature to norm and lower
2. Fluctuation of diurnal temperature in 1,5 -2 degrees
3. Irregular fluctuations of diurnal temperature
4. Diurnal temperature variations in three - five degrees
5. Absence of natural fluctuation of diurnal temperature
To exogenous pyrogens relate:
1. Pyrogenic materials formed at aseptic damage and inflammation of tissues
2. Leukocytic pyrogen
3. Pyrogenic materials formed in connection with immunological reactions
4. Pyrogenic products excreted by bacteria during vital activity
5. Pyrogens formed at damage of tissues
The external respiration in the second stage of fever changes as follows:
1. The respiration rate a little diminished
2. Respiration frequent
3. The respiration Biot types is observed
4. The respiration Kuusmal is observed
5. The respiration of Chain-Stokes is observed
For constant fever is characteristic:
1. Diurnal temperature variations in limits of one degree
2. Diurnal temperature variations in 1,5 - two degrees
3. Diurnal temperature variations in three - five degrees
4. Diurnal temperature variations of 2. -3 degrees
5. Diurnal temperature variations of 5.-8 degrees
What can cause endogenous hyperthermia:
1. Intensifying of diaphoresis
2. Separation of processes of respiration and oxidative phosphorilation
3. Pharmacological materials dilating vessels
4. Tachycardia
5. Bradycardia
What is leading sign at thermal shock:
1. Acceleration of pulses
2. Acceleration of respiration
3. Rising of blood pressure
4. Extrasystoly
5. Loss of consciousness, high body temperature
The high body tmperature at overheating is linked with:
1. Exuberant entering of heat into an organism, active restriction of thermal losses
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2. Active rising of thermal losses
3. Restricted entering of heat into an organism
4. Intensifying function of organs
5. Rearrangement of a thermoregulation
To exogenous pyrogens relate:
1. Pyrogenic materials formed at aseptic damage of tissues
2. At contagious inflammation of tissues, pyrogenic products excreted by bacteria
3. Leukocytic pyrogen
4. Pyrogenic materials formed in connection with immunological reactions
5. At introduction of protein
At body temperature rise 1. degrees activity of heart is enlarged on:
1. 18-20 beats one minute
2. 6-7 beats one minute
3. 8-10 beats one minute
4. 12. -14 beats one minute
5. 15.-18 beats one minute
Most typical for the second stage of fever is:
1. Respiration Kuusmal’s
2. Stenotic respiration
3. Expiratory dyspnea
4. Often shallow breathing
5. Respiration Biot’s
Stimulate synthesis of endogenic pyrogens can Hormons:
1. Androgens
2. Thyroxine
3. Mineralocorticoids
4. Testosteron
5. Corticosteronum (glucocorticoids)
Negative properties of fever are:
1. Oppression of CNS and phagocytosis, drop of barrier function of liver
2. Inhibition of proliferation of microorganisms
3. Intensifying antitoxic function of liver
4. Rising barrier function of liver
5. Infringement of function of kidneys
The positive role of fever consists in:
1. Decrease of development of antibodies
2. Inhibition of metabolic processes in hepatocytes
3. Intensifying synthesis of antibodies, intensifying of processes of phagocytosis, augmentation of formation of interferon
4. Oppression of phagocytosis
5. Oppression of reticuloendothelial system
The indications to pyrotherapy are:
1. Diabetus mellitus
2. Dermal illnesses, immunodeficiency, trophic ulcers of inferior extremities
3. Disease of heart
4. Idiopathic hypertensia
5. Hyvesselension
How temperature of body and metabolism change at refrigerating of hyvesselhalamus:
1. Temperature of body is reduced
2. Temperature of body and metabolism increases
3. Temperature of body remains at former level
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4. The metabolism is reduced
5. The metabolism remains at former level
That represents danger to the patient in third stage of fever:
1. Fast droop of temperature, collapse
2. Strong diaphoresis
3. Lytic temperature drop
4. Rising of arterial pressure
5. Dehydration
How the secretion of endocrine glands changes in fever:
1. The pituitary - adrenal system is oppressed
2. The pituitary - adrenal system excites, the function of thyroid gland strengthens
3. The function of thyroid gland is relaxed
4. The functions of endocrine glands do not change
5. The function of pancreas is reduced
What compensatory mechanisms arise at refrigerating of organism:
1. Intensifying oxidative processes, narrowing of dermal vessels
2. Dilating of skin vessels
3. Drop of tone of muscles
4. Relax of a muscles
5. Separation of oxidative phosphorylation
For the second stage of a fever characteristic is:
1. Heat production prevails above by a thermolysis
2. Heat production it is equal to a thermolysis
3. Thermolysis prevails above by a heat production
4. Remains not changed
5. Reduction of a heat production in internal organs
In the third stage of a fever:
1. Heat production prevails above by a thermolysis
2. Heat production is equal to a thermolysis
3. Thermolysis prevails above heat production
4. Remains constant
5. Heat production raises in muscles
What thermal balance takes place at 1 phase of fever:
1. heat emission prevails over heat production
2. heat production prevails over heat emission
3. heat emission equals heat production
4. heat production does not change
5. heat production poorly expressed
Leukocytic pyrogens influence:
1. thermo-tactile peripheral receptors
2. hypothalamus
3. medulla oblongata
4. spinal cord
5. diencephalon
Fever is:
1. typical pathathological process
2. pathological reaction
3. pathological state
4. disease
5. nosologic unit
Where is a thermosensitive zone of temperature-controlled centre:
1. In medulla oblongata
2. spinal cord
3. In a hypothalamus
4. brain cortex
5. diencephalon
Leukocytic pyrogens are produced by mainly:
1. Lymphocytes
2. Erythrocytes
3. Neuthrophilic leukocytes
4. Thrombocytes
5. Basophils
A consequence of action on an organism of high temperature is:
1. Hypothermia
2. Kinetosis
3. A heatstroke
4. Cold
5. Pollinosis
Heart rate at 2 stages of a fever:
1. There is a bradycardia
2. Decreases
3. Changes a little bit
4. Does not change
5. There is a tachycardia
Most badly fever is tolerated by persons with:
1. Diseases of cardiovascular system
2. Hypothyroidism
3. A stomach ulcer
4. Diseases of skin
5. Diseases of a pancreas
External breath in the second stage of a fever changes as follows:
1. Frequency of breath is a little bit reduced
2. Tachypnoe
3. Breath Biot’s is observed
4. Is observed breath Cussmaul
5. Breath Stocs is observed
What symptoms arises at a heatstroke:
1. Increase of pulse
2. Increase of breath
3. Loss of body weight
4. Increase of a blood pressure
5. Rise in temperature of a body
How exopyrogen acts on hypothalamus:
1. Directly
2. reflex way
3. by virtue of leukocytic pyrogens formation
4. endopyrogens formation
5. by virtue of change of tissue metabolism
What thermal balance takes place at 1 phase of fever:
1. heat emission prevails over heat production
2. heat production prevails over heat emission
3. heat emission equals heat production
4. heat production does not change
5. heat production poorly expressed
Shivering is characteristic for:
1. 1 stage of fever
2. 2 stage
3. 3 stage
4. overheating
5. heat stroke
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