Exercise 7. Translate from Russian into English using (a) little or (a) few.
Task 3. Grammar rules and exercises.
Indefinite pronouns.
Местоимения much, many, (a) little, (a) few.
| Much | Много – с неисчисляемыми существительными Much time, much money, much water, much sun, much snow, much milk, much food |
| Many | Много– с исчисляемыми существительными Many boos, many students, many houses, many trees, many flowers, many rivers |
| Little | Мало– с неисчисляемыми существительными Little time, little money, little water, little sun, little snow, little milk, little food |
| Few | Мало- исчисляемыми существительными Few books, few students, few houses, few trees, few flowers, few rivers |
| A little | Немного– с неисчисляемыми существительными I have a little time. Wait a little. There is a little water. |
| A few | Немного– с исчисляемыми существительными There are a few chairs in the room. I want to tell you a few words. |
Much и many в современном английском языке употребляются чаще в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. В утвердительных предложениях употребляется a lot of как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными.
Examples.
Have you got many relatives?
Do you have much work to do today?
We don’t have much time to stay here long.
We have a lot of friends here.
He earns a lot of money.
They have a lot of children.
She spends a lot of time at home.
Примечание.
Слова much и little могут быть наречиями меры и степени и определять глагол. В таком случае они ставятся в предложении после определяемых ими глаголов.
В утвердительных предложениях эти наречия обычно употребляются в сочетании с наречием степени very (очень).
Му son reads very much.
He reads very little.
Для разговорного языка характерно употребление a lot вместо very much.
She reads a lot.
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Exercises.
Exercise 1. Use much or many to complete the sentences.
1. Please don't put ... pepper on the meat.
2. There were ... plates on the table.
3. I never eat... bread with soup.
4. Why did you eat so ... ice-cream?
5. She wrote us ... letters from the country.
6. ... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary.
7. ... in this work was too difficult for me.
8. ... of their answers were excellent.
9. ... of their conversation was about the institute.
10. There are ... new pictures in this room.
ll. There are ... teachers at our school, and ... of them are women.
12. ... of these plays are quite new.
13. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. - Don't mention it, it wasn't ... bother.
14. ... of her advice was useful.
15. He had ... pairs of socks.
Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into English using much or many.
Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.
Exercise 3. Use little or few to complete the sentences.
1. I have ... time, so I can't go with you.
2. He has ... English books.
3. There is ... ink in my pen. Have you got any ink?
4. There are ... bears in the zoo.
5. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very ... clothes.
6. There is ... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please.
7. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very ... mushrooms.
8. There was too ... light in the room, and I could not read. There are very ... people who don't know that the earth is round.
Exercise 4. Translate from Russian into English using little or few.
Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало окон, мало бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало радости, мало супу, мало деревьев, мало травы, мало детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли, мало друзей, мало дворцов.
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Exercise 5. Use much, many, little or few to complete the sentences.
1. My brother is a young teacher. Every day he spends ... time preparing for his lessons.
2. I know very ... about this writer. It is the first book I am reading.
3. The pupils of our class ask ... questions at the lesson. They want to know everything.
4. You do not make ... mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at it? —Oh, yes, I do, I work very ... .
5. Does your sister read ... ? - Yes, she does. And your brother? - Oh, he doesn't. He has so ... books, but he reads very ... .
6. Have you ... work to do today? - No, not very ... .
7. Walk quicker, please. We have very ... time.
8. I am sorry to say, I have read very ... books by Walter Scott.
Exercise 6. Use much, many, little, few, a little or a few to complete the sentences.
1. He had ... English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books.
2. She gave him ... water to wash his hands and face.
3. I'd like to say ... words about my journey.
4. After the play everybody felt ... tired.
5. Let's stay here ... longer: it is such a nice place.
6. There were ... new words in the text, and Peter spent ... time learning them.
7. There was ... hay in the barn, and the children could not play there.
8. There was ... water in the river, and they decided to cross it.
9. My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the translation of this letter.
10. When we walked ... farther down the road, we met another group of students.
11. Have you got ... ink in your pen?
12. At the conference we met ... people whom we knew well.
13. There are very ... old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down.
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14. If you have ... spare time, look through this book. You will find ... stories there which are rather interesting.
15. There are ... things here which I cannot understand.
16. Shall I bring ... more chalk? — No, thank you. There is... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson.
Exercise 7. Translate from Russian into English using (a) little or (a) few.
Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немного веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немного воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов, несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи, несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон, несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
Exercise 8. Translate from Russian into English.
1. В подвале много воды.
2. Я был сильно напуган.
3. У вас много комнат в доме?
4. Многие из политиков являются честными людьми.
5. Сколько лошадей на той ферме?
6. Многие считают, что неспособны чего-то добиться.
7. Сколько денег было потрачено?
8. Вы пишете много в школе? – Нет, мы пишем мало.
9. У него мало сахара.
10. Я не люблю, когда она много говорит.
11. В бутылке немного молока.
12. Мой брат любит много спать. А я не люблю спать много, я сплю мало.
13. В комнате несколько человек.
14. Мой друг много работает, а его сестра работает мало.
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15. У тебя в диктанте есть несколько ошибок.
16. Он не ест много мороженого.
17. В вазе несколько прекрасных роз.
18. Она пишет нам много писем.
19. Многие студенты учатся хорошо.
20. Я кладу в суп немного соли
Другие разряды местоимений
| Вид | Формы |
| Личные местоимения (Personal Pronouns) | Именительный падеж Объектный падеж I – я me – меня, мне you – ты, Вы you – тебе, тебя, вас, вам he – он him – его, ему she – она her – ее, ей it – он, она, оно (неодуш.) it - его, ее, ему, ей (неодуш.) we – мы us – нас, нам they – они them – их, им |
| Притяжательные местоимения (Possessive Pronouns) | 1-я форма 2-я форма mу – мой (-я, -е, -и) mine – мой (-я, -е, -и) you – твой (-я, -е, -и), yours – твой (-я, -е, -и), Ваш (-а, -е, -и) Ваш (-а, -е, -и) his –его his - его her – ее her - ее its – его, ее (неодуш) its – его, ее (неодуш) our – наш (-а, -е, -и) ours – наш (-а, -е, -и) their - их their – их |
| Возвратные и усилительный местоимения (Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns) | myself – (я) себя, сам, сама yourself – (ты, Вы) себя, сам, сами himself – (он) себя, сам herself – (она) себя, сама itself – (оно) себя, само ourselves – (мы) себя, сами themselves – (они) себя, сами |
| Взаимные местоимения (Reciprocal Pronouns) | each other – друг друга one another – один другого |
| Указательные местоимения (Demonstrative Pronouns) | Ед. число Мн. число this – этот (-а, -о) these – эти that – тот (-а, -о) those - те such – такой (такие) the same – тот же самый, такой же |
| Вопросительные местоимения (Interrogative Pronouns) | who (whom) – кто (кого) whose – чей (-я, -е, -и) what – что, каков, какой which – который, какой, кто, что |
Exercises.
Exercise 1. Use “I”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “we”, “you”, “they”.
1. ... am English.
2. I have two books. ... are good.
3. The book is not yellow. ... is grey.
4. Are ... a student?
5. You and I are Russian, ... are English.
6. ... is his aunt.
7. ... is a teacher.
8. Are ... from France?
Exercise 2. Open the brackets.
1. Give (they, they) notebooks.
2. She lives in Moscow with (she) family.
3. He is a friend of (I).
4. (We) plant is very large.
5. Let (I) know if anything happens.
6. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children. Both (they) children are boys.
7. (She) students are German.
8. (We) friends are English.
9. You are in Bristol but (you) family is in York.
10. (I) cat is very funny.
11. My daughter has a dog. (It) nose is long.
12. (They) car is very nice.
13. (She) bag is very big.
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