Choose the best explanation of the four
1 c) he wasn't suited to
2 d) were all very tired
3 a) don't think lie will come
4 b) are short of money
5 d) mustn't be afraid to argue with him
6 c) deceived
7 b)says bad things about others
8 c) believed what he said
Exercise 6
Complete the following sentences
1 I'm not working next week and I don't know what to do with myself.
2 Don't take my word for it; go through the figures again and check them.
3 He didn't bargain for the increase in petrol prices when he went to the expense of buying a big car.
4 He managed to patch up the engine but it soon went wrong again.
5 I had a great weekend, but I didn't have time to do much shopping.
6 Please carry out the repairs at your earliest convenience.
7 I'd like to exchange my old car for that red one, if it's in good shape.
8 He knew it was wrong in the first place but didn't see fit to say so then.
PROGRAMME 20
Pronunciation Exercise
1 (a) way 5 (b) time
2 (b) might 6 (b) light
3 (a) may 7 (a) fail
4 (a) rate 8 (b) pie
Drill 1
1 He borrowed his father’s car, but he didn’t ask permission. Well, he ought to ask permission.
2 He had an accident because he drove too fast. Well, he ought not to have driven so fast.
3 The traffic lights were red, but he didn’t stop at the Well, he ought to have stopped at the crossroads.
crossroads.
4 The lorry didn’t slow down, because the driver didn’t Well, he ought to have seen the car.
see the car.
5 He was in a hurry and he didn’t pay attention to the traffic. Well, he ought to have paid attention to the
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traffic.
6 The car skidded because he braked so hard. Well, he ought not to have braked so hard.
7 He hit the lorry because it turned to the right. Well, it ought not to have turned to the right.
8 He was badly hurt because he didn’t fasten his safety belt. Well, he ought to have fastened his safety belt.
Drill 2 I
1 I shouldn't have gone to the party because I had a lot to do.
2 I had to leave early because the last bus was at ten.
3 Peter shouldn’t have bought Mary another present because he was hard up.
4 He had to borrow more money because the present was very expensive.
5 Steve shouldn’t have been rude to the man because he was an important client.
6 He had to look for another job because he was asked to resign.
7 They shouldn’t have stayed until Monday because they were expected on Sunday.
8 They had to go home by boat because all the boats were the planes were full.
Drill 3
1 The more Graham eats the fatter he gets.
2 But then the more his wife grumbles the more Graham smokes.
3 And the more he smokes the less he eats.
4 And the less he eats the thinner he gets.
5 thinner he gets the fitter he feels.
6 The fitter he feels the more he plays squash.
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7 But then the thirstier he gets the more beer he drinks.
8 And the more beer he drinks the fatter gets…
Drill 4
1 Yes, he must have missed the bus.
2 No, he can't have decided not to come.
3 Yes, she must have seen the play already.
4 No, he can’t have left them at home.
5 Yes, you must have left them in the car.
6 Yes, it must have started by now.
7 No, he have missed two busses.
8 No, he can’t have thought we were going tomorrow.
Drill 5
1 Yes, he may have been sleeping.
2 No, he couldn’t have been working.
3 Yes, he may have been having a bath.
4 Yes, he may have been meeting Jack.
5 No, he couldn’t have been playing squash.
6 No, she couldn’t have been expecting him.
7 Yes, you may have been dreaming.
8 Yes, he may have been working too hard.
Written Exercise Answers
Exercise 1
1 James ought to have worked harder, then he would have passed the exams.
2 Graham didn't play squash because he had to help his wife.
3 Bill had to visit his mother-ill-taw on Saturday so he missed the match.
4 You ought to have taken a taxi, then you wouldn't have missed the train.
5 He opened all the windows but he ought to have known better.
6 I left the office early because I had to meet Mary at 5 o'clock.
7 They had to sell their car last month in order to pay their debts.
8 We ought to have bought a house last year when the prices were lower.
Exercise 2
1 it must have been broken
2 it might have been a stone
3 a boy could have picked it up
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4 it must have been 5 o’clock
5 it must have been broken
6 it couldn’t have been him
7 it may have been Roy
8 It may have been any one
Exercise 3
1 So it is!
2 So it has!
3 So they have!
4 So there was.
5 So it did.
6 So it has!
7 So it has!
8 So he is!
Exercise 4
1 The harder he tries the less he learns.
2 The more you shout the angrier he gets.
3 The longer you stay the more money you will make.
4 The faster you drive the sooner you will get there.
5 The more often you do it the easier it will become.
6 The older Mrs. Jones gets the nastier she gets.
7 The more he earns the more he spends.
8 The more you practice the better you play.
Exercise 5
1 scholarship
2 lengthen
3 carelessly
4 minority
5 encouraged
6 behaviour
7 enjoyment
8 criminal
Exercise 6
Add the missing words
1. The men threw petrol over the furniture, set fire to it and left at top speed.
2. We managed to keep the fire in check, but we couldn't put it out.
3. If they hadn't come to our aid, we couldn't have prevented the fire from burning the whole house.
4. It was careless of him to smash the glasses, but he didn't do it on purpose.
5. The inspector was suspicious of the young man, but he didn't accuse him of the theft, because his suspicions were not confined to one man only.
6. He fell asleep with a cigarette in his hand and when he woke up, the room was on fire.
7. You needn't go to a hotel; you can stay at my house free of charge.
8. All right; but we'll go out and have a good meal at my expense.
9. Jamie leaves his toys all over the place and his mother has to clear up the mess.
10. He was surprised at the result, but it served him right that he failed.
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PROGRAMME 20
Pronunciation Exercise
1 (b) bought 5 (b) plough
2 (a) oil 6 (b) cow
3 (a) toil 7 (b) foul
4 (a) Roy 8 (a) void
Drill 1
1 Didn't the children manage to get round No, unfortunately they weren't able to get round the headland. the headland?
2 Did they succeed in climbing onto a large rock? Yes, fortunately they were able to climb onto a large rock..
3 Didn’t they manage to climb the cliff? No, unfortunately they weren’t able to climb the cliff.
4 Did one of them know how to swim? Yes, fortunately one of them could swim.
5 Did he manage to swim to the next bay” Yes, fortunately he was able to swim to the next bay.
6 Didn’t the others know how to swim? No, unfortunately the others couldn’t swim.
7 Did Tommy succeed in raising the alarm? Yes, fortunately he was able to raise the alarm.
8 Did you manage to bring them all back in your Yes, fortunately I was able to bring them all back in my
motorboat? motorboat.
Drill 2
1 How long has John known Mary? About two years? Yes, they've known each other for about two years.
2 Didn't you dance with Mary last night? No, we didn't dance with each other last night.
3 Aren’t the boys helping the girls? No, they aren’t helping each other.
Or the girls helping the boys?
4 I’ll see you at the office tomorrow, won’t I? Yes, we’ll see each other at the office tomorrow.
5 You can borrow my tools. and I can borrow yours, Yes, we can borrow each other’s tools.
can’t I?
6 Where did Peter get to know John? At school? Yes, they got to know each other at school.
7 I first met my girlfriend at y0our house, didn’t I? Yes, you met each other at my house.
8 Peter didn’t speak to Mary last night, did he? No, they didn’t speak to each other last night.
Drill 3
1 Someone's repairing John's car today. John's having his car repaired today.
2 Someone cuts my hair every month. I have my hair cut every month.
3 Someone's going to clean Peter's jacket tomorrow. John’s going to have his jacket cleaned tomorrow.
4 Someone repainted the boss's office last week. The boss had his office repaired last week.
5 Someone did up Janet's flat last month. Janet had her flat repaired last month.
6 Mrs. Williams wants someone to wash Mrs. Williams wants to have her hair washed this
her hair this afternoon. afternoon.
7 Someone's going to build them a new house They’re going to have a new house built next year.
next year.
8 Someone has dyed Janet's hair. Janet has had her hair dyed.
Drill 4 If I hadn't done well at school. I couldn't have gone to university.
Even if I hadn't gone to university, I could have worked for this firm.
1 If I hadn’t done well at school, I couldn't If I hadn’t done well at school, wouldn’t have been able
have gone to university. to go to university.
2 Even If I hadn't gone to university, Even if I hadn't gone to university,
I could have worked for this firm. I would have been able to work for this firm.
3 If I hadn't won a scholarship, my parents If I hadn’t won a scholarship, my parents wouldn’t have been
couldn't have afforded to send me. been able to send me.
4 If my parents had had more money, I If my parents had had more money, I would have been able to
could have stayed for three more years. stay for three more years.
5 If my brother had worked harder If my brother had worked harder, he would have been able to go to
he could have gone to university, too. university, too.
6 If John hadn’t given Mary so many If John hadn’t given Mary so many presents, he would have been
presents, he could have bought a car. able to buy a car.
7 If he had bought a car, he could If he had bought a car, he would have been able to take his friends
have taken his friends to Italy in it. to Italy in it.
8 If I hadn’t studied hard, I couldn't If I hadn’t studied hard, I wouldn’t have been able to pass the
have passed the exams. exams.
Drill 5 I can do some work in the garden this morning.
And you can make the beds and do the cleaning.
1 I can do some work in the garden this morning. I can get some work done in the garden this morning.
2 And you can make the beds and do the cleaning. And you can get the beds made and the cleaning done.
3 We can do our shopping after lunch. We can get our shopping done after lunch.
4 Then I can go for a haircut. Then I can (go and) get my hair done.
5 I can take the car for a wash after that. I can get the car washed after that.
6 We can do the washing up before we go to bed. We can get the washing up done before we go to bed.
7 Fortunately I wrote all my letters last night. Fortunately I got all my letters written last night.
8 Did you iron my shirts? Did you get all my shirt ironed?
Exercise 1
1. I could speak German
2. I couldn’t understand / I wasn’t able to understand
3. he was able to tell me
4. if I had been able to understand / could understand
5. he could have been English
6. if I could afford it
7. She could come / would be able to come
8. I could take
9. he was able to take
10. I was able to climb in
Exercise 2
1 I'll have this letter typed today.
2 Someone test Bill is going to test his eyes tomorrow.
3 Mrs. Williams is going to have her hair dyed.
4 I don't have the garage painted every year.
5 I had this letter translated into English.
6 I offered to repair his car but he had already had it repaired.
7 They had a new house built.
8 I have just had a new window put in.
Exercise 3
When one buys a second-hand car one should be very careful. One cannot always believe what a salesman tells one and one cannot rely on one’s first impression of a car. If one is not an expert yourself one should get advice from someone who is, before one makes one’s final decision.
Exercise 4
1. You are … and you don’t know each other
2. we can/will make each other happy
3. Don’t you like them
4. We like each other / on another but I don’t see them. They and Douglas don’t enjoy one another’s
5. I think he is too old for you. You and John suit each other … and you have known each other
6. I like him … he will take me
Exercise 5
1 fought - 7 taught 10 feet - 20 wheat
2 note - 4boat 11doubt- 16 shout
3 great - 6 wait 12 lord - 18board
5 shirt - 14 hurt 13 hunt- 19front
8 foot- 9 put 15part- 17 heart
Exercise 6
1 He didn't miss the train but it was a near thing.
2 He realised in dismay that he had made a mistake and he would have to retrace his steps and find the correct urning.
3 They made their first camp at the foot of the mountain.
4 Let's get get on with it, then we'll finish before 5 o'clock.
5 If we do it too quickly we won't make a good job of it.
6 They had a narrow escape; fortunately the alarm was raised in time.
7 I am doing my homework now. I'll come and pick you pick as soon as I finish and we'll go to a cinema.
8 The new evidence showed that he wasn't guilty of the crime.
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