Dealing with money (money makes the world go round OR money is the evil of the world)
MONEY.
MONEY IS USED FOR BUYING OR SELLING GOODS, FOR MEASURING VALUE AND FOR STORING WEALTH. Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper notes of one kind or another. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used. Barter was a system of direct exchange of goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market place that they considered to be equal value. Barter however was a very unsatisfactory system because people’s precise needs seldom coincided. People needed a more practical system of exchange, and various money systems developed based on goods, which the members of a society recognized as having a value. Cattle, grain, teeth, shells, features, skulls, salt, elephant tusks and tobacco have all been used. Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were portable, durable, recognizable, and divisible into larger and smaller units of value.
A coin is a piece of metal, usually disc-shaped, which bears lettering, designs or numbers showing its value. Until the 18th and 19th centuries coins were given monetary worth based on the exact amount of metal contained in them, but most modern coins are based on face value, the value the governments choose to give them, irrespective of the actual metal content. Coins have been made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), plastic and in China even from pressed tealeaves. Most governments now issue paper money in the form of notes, which are “promises to pay". Paper money is obviously easier to handle and much more convenient in the modern world. Checks, bankers, cards and credit cards are being used increasingly and it is possibly to imagine a world where “money” in the form of coins and paper currently will no longer be used. Even today, in the U.S many places-especially filling stations-will not accept cash at night for security reasons.
Someone says we live in the era of information, so nowadays information can be more valuable than money. Of course it’s true, but nevertheless money plays a great role in our modern life. Money makes our world go round. It’s the symbol of our civilization. If you have money you can do almost everything you want. You can go to the shop and buy smth, you can travel, you can help to solve someone’s problems. And I can say the course of all our problems is money. People try to work more and more to earn more money, people even kills each other because of the money. Of course this problem is must be solved, but how to solve this problem I can’t imagine!
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Jobs and careers
Jobs and carees
At the age of fifteen, students in Russia have to make some important decisions. Will they continue on at school? Or will they enter a lyceum or a gymnasium? Of course, it’s not easy to make the right choice. In our country a nine-year education is compulsory and after the ninth form students have an opportunity to choose. To enter a university or a college it is necessary to study two more years, and take four examinations on finishing the eleventh form. To get a professional education, students have to enter a technical college or a vocational school and study for three years. Finally, they may finish their education, leave school, and get a job. The choice depends on their likes and dislikes.
We spend great part of our lives at our jobs, so choosing a right career is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life. Many students finish high school and begin college without a clear idea of what they want to do in future. Part of the problem is the size of the job market itself. With so many kinds of jobs (2000) how can you tell which will interest you? Some of occupations are already overcrowded. In old industries there may be little need for new workers, while new and growing industries will offer jobs now and in the future. Therefor, it is extremely important to explore your choice of occupations from every angle, collect as much information as you can. But above all you must evaluate yourself. Find out where your interests and talents lie. Postponing a decision is an error people make. "I'll get started tomorrow or next week, or next year," - many people think. These people refuse to face the problem, hoping it will go away. But if you don't take the first step now, how can you plan for the future, how can you take the right way? Such people miss many opportunities. First start with yourself, make a list of your interests, talents and abilities.
Then we should consider different factors. In my opinion, money is one of the most important factors when you make a choice. There are highly paid jobs and low-paid jobs. For example, a businessman, a president or a film star, are highly paid jobs. A worker, a doctor or an engineer, are low-paid jobs. I think everybody wants to earn as much money as possible. On the other hand, it’s good when you get satisfaction from your job. It is very important to choose a profession that suits your interests. In my opinion, a job should be interesting and socially important. Some jobs are considered to be more suitable for men and others for women. For example, the professions of secretary or nurse are more suitable for women. A lifeguard or a pilot are more likely the jobs for men. You should also decide whether you want to work indoors or outdoors.
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To make the right choice, you should take into account your traits of character. It goes without saying that to become a good doctor you must be patient, caring and kind. Teacher’s work requires love for children, profound knowledge of subjects, and the ability to explain. A secretary has to be efficient and careful in order to do her work quickly and accurately. Salespeople need to be friendly and persuasive, to get people buy their products.
There are so many people who influence us in choosing our occupation. Parents and friends play a very important role in our choices.
And now about me. In my childhood I wanted to be a doctor, a teacher, a singer, a designer it’s easier to say who ever I didn’t want to be. But now I am a student of economic department. I still don’t know what exactly profession to chose: a bookkeeper, a financier or an expert in credits. I suppose it is so just because I am interested in all. Economy is a science not only about numbers and figures, it is about people’s behavior, preferences and wishes too. Most of all I’m interested in dealing with people. The success of this profession depends on mainly my education.
In Russia a lot of people are out of work. It is considered, that the problem of unemployment is particularly solved in the central region, where work a lot of private enterprises. In other regions the economy is based on the resort, tourist, obtaining natural resources and state enterprises.
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In our country many companies have to close because of some difficults. People, who used to work on it, don’t get any redundancy pay. Every of them must get his unemployment benefit, but that isn’t much and it’s pay not regularly. Certainly they all are fed up with queuing for it every month. Some of them have to do it, because he hasn’t any way to earn his living.
Unemployment people can find out about new vacancy from newspapers or advertisements in unemployment benefit office, but there are more than 20 applicants for every job. If somebody absolutely give up looking for a job, he can move to a nearest big city or to Moscow, if he don’t scared living on his own there.
Certainly you know, that it is a problem to find a real good job to people who is older than 40. All interviewers and bosses are ten years younger than them and they have to learn new skills.
Also the other big problem is youth unemployment. Every young man at the certain moment in his life wants to be independence, he is hate having to ask parents for some money, he can’t stand sitting around the house. That’s why he decides to start looking for a job. If you want to get a job, you must have an education and an experience of work. It is very difficult for young people, which just entered university or school. Some of them can’t find a job, they like, or they get many refusals. They give up and take any job, or try again and again.
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