Give Russian equivalents of the following words and phrases.
To preserve peace; to set out basic principles; to maintain peace; conflict resolution; most pressing problems; two-thirds majority; mediation; under the charter; to resume; according to the charter/under the charter; subjects of particular concern; to settle disputes by peaceful means; to secure ceasefire; to maintain the truce, to commit to.
Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases and reproduce the sentences from the text with this active vocabulary.
Насущные проблемы; сохранять мир; сохранять перемирие; установить основные принципы; обеспечивать прекращение огня; посредничество; по уставу; урегулировать конфликты мирными средствами; вопросы, вызывающие особую озабоченность; поддерживать мир; взять обязательство; разрешение конфликтов; большинство в 2/3; в соответствии с уставом; возобновить.
Read the article again and answer the questions using the active vocabulary.
1. When was the UN established and for what purpose?
2. What does the UN Charter set out?
3. Is the UN just a forum for conflict resolution?
4. What are the main organs of the UN?
5. What are the functions of the General Assembly and how does it take its decisions?
6. What responsibilities does the Security Council have?
7. How many members are there in the Security Council?
8. What are some of the instruments the UN uses to preserve peace?
Questions for discussion.
1. Do you think the United Nations fulfils its mission today?
2. What recent actions or peacekeeping operations of the UN can you remember? Were they successful?
3. Do you think that the role of the UN is really very important in the modern world? Substantiate your point of view.
4. Do you think that the UN peacekeeping forces could substitute for NATO or EU forces in the future?
II
Read the article and look up the underlined words and phrases in the dictionary.
NATO today
Is NATO the right organization to assume the regional security responsibilities in Europe? It is not Europe's only security organization, not even its largest one. One alternative to NATO is Europe's largest collective security group, the 55-member Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Unlike the OSCE, NATO is an exclusive organization involving about half of Europe's states. The alliance's selective nature inevitably raises questions about its legitimacy. By what right does a group of minority states enforce order among Europe's majority states? NATO's Bosnia mission was launched on the request of the United Nations' Security Council. But the Kosovo war received no such endorsement. NATO acted on the basis of a vote in the North Atlantic Council, the alliance's own highest decision-making body. NATO's unilateral action appeared to violate, if not the letter. then the spirit, of the UN Charter.
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NATO remains a self-appointed interpreter and enforcer of these rules, and it is willing to enforce them with military might, and as such it inevitably arouses suspicions among some neighbors. Russia's objections to NATO's Kosovo operation focused not as much on the tactical issues as they did on the fact that the alliance launched the air war without a UN Security Council authorization. Even more worrisome to Moscow, nothing theoretically prevents the alliance from launching a similar operation against Russia itself. In polls conducted in April 1999, in the midst of the Kosovo war, 70 per cent to 73 per cent of Russians said they considered the NATO military operation in Yugoslavia a direct threat to Russia's security. Fears that NATO may potentially abuse its military might have translated into tensions and insecurity as countries such as Russia seek to form alliances implicitly aimed against NATO. The President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, justified the union between Russia and Belarus as a response to NATO's aggression against Yugoslavia.
Give Russian equivalents of the following words and phrases.
To assume security responsibilities; minority; to enforce; legitimacy; majority; endorsement; North Atlantic Council; decision-making body; unilateral; to violate; might; authorization; to prevent smb from doing smth; a poll; to conduct; to abuse; the letter and spirit; to raise a question.
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