Unit 8. Adjectives and Adverbs
! Study the information in Appendix 8.
Ex.1. Rewrite the sentences putting the adjectives into the correct place, then identify what kind of adjectives they are.
1. I love ice-cream, (strawberry, Italian, tasty). I love tasty Italian strawberry ice-cream. (opinion, origin, material)
2. They have a sofa. (leather, navy-blue, modern)
3. He loves his bike. (new, red, expensive, mountain)
4. She has a voice. (lovely, singing, pure)
5. He’s just sold that suit to a woman. (beautiful, slim, tall, French,
young)
6. She bought curtains. (brown and orange, dining-room)
7. She bakes cakes. (chocolate, delicious, birthday, round)
8. June has a puppy. (tiny, brown, fluffy)
9. She was given a dress. (black, spectacular, Italian, evening)
10. He bought a racquet. (tennis, graphite, new)
11. He has a grandfather. (French, ninety-year-old, wonderful)
12. We watched a film. (boring, German, black and white)
13. She wears lipstick. (pink, horrible, glossy)
14. We used to have a teacher. (strict, old, biology, American)
15. It was a dress. (wedding, antique, cream, stunning, lace)
16. Yesterday we went to the club. (huge, sports, modern)
17. Mary has a job. (sales, demanding, new)
18. The house has a kitchen. (large, well-equipped, white, modern)
19. It was a pool.(marble, huge, white, swimming)
20. He has a bag. (black, big, school)
21. I have rarely seen such a film. (American, well-made, detective)
Ex.2. Underline the correct adjective.
1. A gold/golden eagle glided gracefully across the sky.
2. She ruined her silk/silky suit by washing it.
3. We had to climb over a low stone/stony wall.
4. He approached the task with steel/steely determination.
5. This soap will leave your skin feeling silk/silky and soft.
6. Leathery/leather coats never seem to go out of fashion.
7. This plant has soft feather/feathery leaves.
8. We spotted the metal/metallic blue car speeding into the tunnel ahead.
9. The manager’s stone/stony expression showed that all was not well.
10. She was given an expensive gold/golden watch for her twenty-first birthday
Ex.3. Put the adjectives in the correct order.
It’s a 1) beautiful large stone (stone, beautiful, large) villa on the coast, with spectacular views of the sea. You will love the 2) __ (old, huge, marble) swimming pool we have in our 3) __ (mountainside, terraced, colourful) garden. There is a 4) __ (sunny, stone, rectangular) patio at the front with many 5) __ (terracotta, flower-filled, circular) pots. The house has five 6) __ (elegant, white, medium-sized) bed-rooms and three marble bathrooms - each with its own 7) __ (antique, little, wonderful) wall-painting. The living room has a 8) __ (cool, lovely, marble) floor with 9) __ (expensive, Persian, antique) rugs and comfortable sofas. You can eat in the many 10) __ (Italian, excellent, traditional) restaurants nearby and enjoy using the facilities in the new sports centre.
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Ex.4. Make compound adjectives to describe the following.
1. A student who has been taught well. a well-taught students.
2. A letter that you have been waiting for a long time.
3. A person who loves having fun.
4. A garden which is tended perfectly.
5. A life that is free of trouble.
6. A visit that was not timed well.
7. An action that is not advisable.
8. A journey of seven days.
Ex.5. Fill in “the” where necessary.
1. He takes the disabled children in his area riding on Friday afternoons.
2. When the government decided to raise taxes __rich people were unhappy and __poor were devastated.
3. Christmas can be a very sad time for __ lonely people and __ homeless.
4. We were relieved to hear that all __injured were recovered from the wreckage before the plane exploded.
5. __survivors carried __injured people to the ambulance.
6. __deaf communicate by using sign language.
Ex.6. Rewrite the sentences putting the adverbs in the correct place and making any other necessary change.
1. Ferries sail to the island. (weekly, twice, only, during the winter)
Ferries sail to the island only twice weekly during the winter.
2. He does the shopping. (reluctantly, at the supermarket, every week)
3. She waited for her test results. (worriedly, in the hospital, all day)
4. The clock strikes twelve times. (exactly, in the hall, at midday)
5. My mother used to read to me. (aloud, always, in the evenings)
6. The soldiers marched. (to the battlefield, bravely, yesterday)
7. They go by car. (at weekends, to the leisure centre, sometimes)
8. We arrived after a bumpy flight. (in Scotland, eventually, safely, extremely)
9. The detective had been following the suspect. (all day, carefully)
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10. She walks. (quickly, every morning, to the station)
11. The little boy ran. (excitedly, from the room, suddenly)
12. She turned up looking annoyed. (at the party, unexpectedly, terribly)
13. He studied. (hard, all morning, in his bedroom)
14. She looked at her reflection. (for ten minutes, carefully, in the mirror)
15. The children sit and play. (in their room, for hours, happily)
16. He waved goodbye. (to his friend, at the airport, sadly)
17. The old boat sailed into the harbor. (slowly, through the water, this afternoon)
18. He ran to answer the phone. (down the stairs, to the hall, quickly)
19. She sat reading a book. (all day, lazily, by the fire)
20. He looked to see if anyone was there. (out the window, nervously, this morning)
Ex.7. Identify the words in italics as adjectives or adverbs.
This year’s road race was the 1) best(adjective)I’ve ever seen. The event is held 2) yearly, and entrance to the main stand is 3) free. The race is always a 4) sure exhibition of exceptionally 5) finedriving. It was a 6) coldmorning, and the teams had woken up 7) early to get their cars ready. They had trained 8) long and 9) hardto get here. The race was due to start at 11 o’clock, but started 10) late as the track wasn’t 11) clean . There was a 12) loud roar when all the drivers started their cars, then they proceeded 13) quickly to the starting line. The gun went off, and the cars moved, as if in 14) slow motion. They drove 15) past the stands, and turned a 16) tight corner onto the main circuit. On the fifth lap one driver made a17) wrong decision, and his car stopped 18) dead as it collided with a safety-barrier. The race was 19) fast, and all the drivers drove 20) well, but it was 21) clear from the beginning who was going to win: an Australian driver had taken the 22) inside lane and overtaken everybody in only the second lap. Over the rest of the race he managed to distance himself 23) further from all the other cars. It was an 24) easy victory for him, and he continued round the track for an 25) extra lap to celebrate his win.
Ex.8. Underline the correct item.
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1. I managed to get to New York easy/easily by flying there directly/direct.
2. She has been deeply/deep upset by his behavior late/lately.
3. Late/lately the cost of living has been increasing; things generally are not nearly/near as cheap as they used to be.
4. It is wide/widely believed that she was wrong/wrongly accused.
5. Laura is a very shy person who rare/rarely goes out and she does not mix free/freely with the other students.
6. She is highly/high regarded in the school as people can get on with her easily/easy.
7. I was not full/fully satisfied with the doctor as he had wrong/wrongly diagnosed my previous illness.
8. “Do you intend to leave shortly/short?” “I think so. I’ve nearly/near finished.”
9. He’ll surely/sure get a good grade; he’s been studying very hardly/hard for the past year.
10. I was prettily/pretty embarrassed when I realised that I had hardly/hard money to pay the bill.
11. He came last/lastly in the race and was prettily/pretty disappointed by his performance.
12. The train goes direct/directly to Edinburgh without stopping so it will probably be full/fully.
13. She free/freely admitted that she had not been working very hardly/hard recently.
14. It is wide/widely believed that politicians are people who can’t be full/fullytrusted.
15. Sure/surely we must be near/nearly there by now.
Ex.9. Underline the highlighted word(s) which can be used. In some sentences all words might be possible.
1. Ann has four children, and they’re all quite/rather/fairly/pretty well behaved.
2. That was quite/rather/fairly/pretty an interesting speech Jane gave. I was quite/rather/fairly/pretty impressed.
3. Life is quite/rather/fairly/prettymore difficult now than it was in the past.
4. It was quite/rather/fairly/prettyobvious that he was lying.
5. Ken is quite/rather/fairly/prettya good painter and quite/rather/fairly/prettyimaginative too.
6. The supermarket stocksquite/rather/fairly/prettya wide variety of imported products but they are quite/rather/fairly/prettyexpensive.
7. It’s quite/rather/fairly/prettycolder today than it was yesterday. Bequite/rather/fairly/pretty sure to dress up well.
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8. She’s quite/rather/fairly/prettyan arrogant woman. I find her quite/rather/fairly/prettyan arrogant woman. I find her quite/rather/fairly/prettydifficult to get on with.
9. Can we stop for a bite to eat soon? I’m feeling quite/rather/fairly/prettyhungry.
10. The exercise took quite/rather/fairly/pretty longer than I expected.
11. This exercise isquite/rather/fairly/prettydifficult but I’m quite/rather/fairly/prettysure you can do it.
12. The journey takes quite/rather/fairly/prettya long time but the ticket isquite/rather/fairly/prettycheap
Ex.10. Put the adjective in brackets into the correct form.
Kinsale may be one of 1) the smallest(small) towns in Southern Ireland but it’s also one of 2) __ (famous). It is well known for its 3) __ (wonderful) fish restaurants. Some of 4) __ (good) known chefs in the world have trained in the restaurants there. The town itself is one of 5) __ (picturesque) in Southern Ireland. It’s situated by the sea, which ensures that it is 6) __ (cool) in the summer than other inland towns. A 7) __ (huge) cathedral over-looksthe town and it is one of 8) __ (breathtaking) in the whole area. To the north of the town lies one of 9) __ (high) mountain ranges in the country. The town is very 10) __ (beautiful), with its many craft shops and narrow cobbled streets. Most tourists visit Kinsale for its fish restaurants, which are family owned. This means that the service there is 11) __ (good) than inother restaurants. The staff are 12) __ (welcoming) there than anywhere else. The food may be 13) __ (expensive) but you’ll have one of 14__ (pleasurable)evenings of your life there. So go ahead and visit Kinsale.
Ex.11. Change the words in brackets into adverbs and them into the correct form.
Finally, a new washing powder that gets rid of stains 1) effectively(effective) and leaves your clothes 2) __ (brilliant) white. New “All-bright” cleans 3) __ (powerful) than any other product on the market. It gets the dirt out 4) __ (quick) and 5) __ (thorough) than any ordinary powder. Indeed, in no time at all new “All-bright” will be selling 6) __ (good) than any other brand at your supermarket. With a prize-winning formula that has been researched 7) __ (extensive) by our scientists than any other product, success is guaranteed. With new “All-bright” your money will go 8) __ (far) than it’s ever gone before. So pick up your box of new “All-bright” today!
Ex.12. Underline the correct item.
I am writing to request 1) farther/further information on the climbing holidays you run. I am 2) most/much interested in climbing, but fear that I will be 3) older than the other participants. Also, I am 4) far/very less fit than I used to be. Nonetheless, I am 5)even/verykeener on the sport than ever. So my question is, will there be climbs which are 6) a bit/most easier for older ones like me? In addition, do you do discounts for pensioners? Your holidays are 7)very/evenexpensive for someone on a low income. I look forward to hearing from you and receiving 8) any/more details.
Ex.13. Fill in “as” or “like”.
1. Although it lives in the sea, the whale is classed as a mammal. It may look __a dangerous beast, but it is really __gentle __a lamb.
2. My friend George describes himself __ a great singer. He thinks he has a voice __an angel, but when he sings it sounds __ a cat wailing! He works __a taxi driver and everybody keeps telling him not to give up his job!
3. McTaverty’s Tavern has been described __the best restaurant in Perthshire, with dishes that smell delicious and taste __they have been made with only the finest ingredients. Surprisingly, the prices are not __ high __ you might expect.
4. Majorie works __a criminal lawyer and is regarded __an expert in her field. She works extremely hard and at the end of a long day in court all she feels __ doing is collapsing in front of the TV.
5. If you want to go on a diet, do __ your doctor tells you. There are some foods such __ vegetables which you can eat __ much of __ you want. Why not try soya meat? It tastes just __ real meat and can be used in the same way __ mince, but is a low-fat food.
6. __ I was saying, you look exactly __ my cousin Hilary - you know, the one who works __ an air hostess.
7. Fred was known __ an unpunctual person and __ usual, he was late again. After standing in the rain __ an idiot for half an hour, gradually getting wetter and wetter, I decided to go home before I began to look __ a drowned rat.
8. Howard and Hugh aren’t related but they look almost exactly the same __ each other They are referred to __ “The Twins”. When they walk into a room, it’s __ seeing double.
9. For __ long __ I live, I’ll never forget my first holiday in Hawaii. It was __ paradise. I intend to return there __ soon __ I can afford the airfare.
10. Trying to make sense of the written word is a bit __ being lost in a forest: all the trees look the same, just __ for ayoung child all the words look the same __ each other.
UNIT 9. PREPOSITIONS
! Study the information in Appendix 9.
Ex.1. Insert suitable prepositions (at, to, in) in the following .
1. Could I speak to Tom, please? - I’m afraid Tom’s _____ work. But Jack’s ______ Would you like to speak _____ him?
2. How do I get _____ the air terminal? - Turn right _____ the end of this street and you’ll see it _____ front of you.
3. He started going ______ school ____ the age of five. So now he’s been _____ school for ten years. He’s leaving______ the end of this year.
4. He goes _____ his office every day except Sunday. On Sundays he stays _____ home and works ______ the garden.
5. I think I left my umbrella _____ the bus. I’d better write ____ the Lost Property Office.
6. We arrived _____ the airport _____ good time for the plane.
7. Can I look up a word _____ your dictionary? I left mine_____ home.
8. Our train arrived _____ York _____ 6.30. Paul met us _____ the station.
9. Have you been _____ the theatre recently?-Yes, I was _____ the Old Vic last night.
10. I’m returning _____ France _____ the end of this term.- Are you coming back _____ England after the holidays?
11. He isn’t living _____ home now, but if you write_____ his home they’ll forward the letter _____ his new address.
12. I went _____bed early but I couldn’t get _____ sleep because the people _____ the next room were talking so loudly.
13. _____ first I found the work very tiring, but _____ a few weeks I got used _____ it.
14. There was an accident _____ the crossroads _____ midnight last night. Two men were taken _____ hospital. I believe one of them is still_____ hospital.
15. _____ the daytime the streets are crowded but _____ night they are quite deserted.
16. _____ first her father refused to allow her to go back _____ work; but_____ the end he agreed.
17. _____ the beginning of a textbook there is a preface, and _____ the end there is an index.
18. He went _____sea_____18, and spent all his working life_____ sea. He retired _____ 56 and went to live _____the country.
19. I saw Tom _____ the bus stop this morning but couldn’t speak_____ him because we were standing _____ a queue and he was _____ the front of it and I was _____ the back.
20. I’ll leave some sandwiches_____ the fridge in case you are hungry when you come in.
21. We’d better start _____ six, because climbing up _____ the gallery takes some time. I hope you don’t mind sitting _____ the gallery.- No, of course not. When I go _____ the opera I always go _____ the gallery.
22. He is always _____ a hurry. He drives _____ a tremendous speed.
23. When he began speaking _____ English, she looked ______ him_____ amazement.
24. Write _____ink and put your name_____ the top of the page.
25. We start serving breakfasts _____ 7.30.Shall I send yours up_____ your room, or will you have it _____ the restaurant?
26. He’s always _____ a bad temper _____ breakfast time.
27. According _____ the guidebook there hotels _____ the town.
28. The pilot climbed _____ 5.000 metres and flew_____ that height till he got _____ the coast. Then he came down _____ 1.000 metres and began to take photographs.
29. I’m interested _____chess but I’m not very good _____ it.
30. Who is the girl _____the blue dress, sitting_____ the head of the table?
31. I couldn’t offer him a room _____ my flat because _____ that time my mother-in-law was staying with us.
32. The train stopped _____ all the stations, and long before we got _____ London every seat was taken and people were standing _____ the corridors.
33. Shall we discuss it _____ my room, or shall I come _____ your office?
34. _____ my astonishment I was the only person _____ the bar. Everyone else had gone _____ the Casino.
35. The Loch Ness Monster is supposed to supposed to live _____ the bottom of the Loch and come_____ the surface from time _____ time.
36. You can’t say that he lives _____ luxury. There’s hardly any furniture _____ in his room. He hasn’t even got a desk to write ____ /
Ex. 2. Fill the gaps in the following sentences from the list (at, by, into, of, off, on, out(of), to, under, with)
1. I’m going to Bath on Monday with Tom. Would you like to come ____ us? - Are you going ____bus? - No, we’re going____ Tom’s car.
2. I saw him standing ____ the queue but I don’t know whether he got ____ the bus or not.
3. How do you go ____school? - It depends ____ the weather ____ wet days I go____ tube; ____fine weather I go ____ foot.
4. The car stopped ____ the traffic lights and wouldn’t start again, so the driver got ____ and pushed it ____the side ____ the road.
5. Someone threw a stone ____ the speaker. It hit him ____ the head and knocked his glasses____ .
6. I want to post this ____ a friend ____ Italy. Will he have to pay duty ____ it?
7. According ____Tom, it is impossible to live ____Paris ___ less than 
10.000 a year.
8. Are you ____your own (alone)?- No, I’m ____ a friend____ mine.
9. You ought to be ashamed ____ yourself for coming ____ my nice clean kitchen ____ muddy boots.
10. Children get presents ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.
11. How would we get ____ (escape from) this room if the hotel were ____ fire?
12. He arrived ____ London ____ 6p.m. _____ a foggy November day. We often have fogs ____ November.
13. The man ____his back____ the camera is the Minister ____ Agriculture.
14. How do I get ____ the Public Library?- Go ____ the end ____this street and turn right; turn left ____ the next traffic light and then take the second turning ____ your right. This will bring you ____ Brook Street, and you’ll find the library____ your left.
15. Alternatively you could get a 14 bus _____ this stop and ask the conductor to tall you where to get ____ (alight).
16. The boy was learning against the wall ____ his pockets. “Take your hands ____ your pockets,” said his father sharply.
17. As she was getting ____ the car one ____ her buttons fell ____Although we were ____ a hurry she insisted ____ stopping to look for it.
18. Mr Jones is very keen____ punctuality. His lessons start dead _____time and you get ____ terrible trouble if you’re late.
19. The man _____ the pipe and red hair is the brother _____ the girl ____ blue.
20. Don’t leave your luggage ____ the corridor. It’ll be____ everyone’s way. Bring it ____ the compartment and put it ____the rack.
21. He sits ____ his desk all day ____ his head ____ his hands. It gets ____ my nerves.
22. ____ mistake I opened Mary’s letter instead ____ my own. She was very angry ____ me and said that I’d done it ____ purpose.
23. I buy a newspaper ____my way ____the station and read it ____ the train. By the time I get ____ London I’ve read most ____ it.
24. He was charged ____ driving while ____ the influence ____ alcohol.
25. People who drop litter ____ the pavements are liable ____ a fine ____$ 50.
26. He accused me ____ selling secret information ____ the enemy.
27. You look worried. Are you ____ some sort____ trouble? - Yes, ____ a way. I’m ___ debt and my creditors want to be paid____ the end ____ the month, and ____ the moment I haven’t any money____ the bank.
28. The car skidded ____the tree, the windscreen was smashed and the driver was cut ____ the face ____ splinters ____ glass.
29. Four people were injured ____ the demonstration. Three ____ them are students ____ the university, the fourth is here ____ holiday. That’s him over there ____ his arm ____plaster.
30. This picture was painted ____ Picasso; and there’s another Picasso ____ the opposite wall.
31. The horse stopped suddenly and the rider fell ____ . He couldn’t get ____ again without help and there was no one ____ sight.
32. The children hastily changed ____ bathing thinks and jumped ____ the river____ shouts of delight.
33. We’ll have to go ____ car; we can’t go ____bus____ account ____ the bus strike.
34. Divers breathing a mixture ____ helium and oxygen can work ____ a depth ____ 100 metres.
35. I’m tired ____working ___ the suburbs and I’ve asked to be transferred ____our central branch.
36. Can I have Monday ____ ? or Can I have a holiday ____ Monday? I want to go ____my grandson’s wedding.
Ex.3. Insert suitable Prepositions, choosing them from the list (at, by, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, since, till, under, with)
1. I’ve lived in this street for ten years.
2. He has lived ____ 101 Cornwall Gardens____ 1966.
3. ____the age ____ 18 he was sent to prison ____ theft.
4. He was ___prison____ two years. ____ that time ha became interested ____ pigeons.
5. There is a parcel of books ____you____ the table ____ the hall.-Oh, they must be ____ my brother. He always sends me books ____ my birthday.
6. We heard that Bill wasn’t ____ arrest but was helping the police ____ their enquiries. The police are interested ____ a bank robbery which took place ____ Bill’s last holidays.
7. Much Ado About Nothing is____ Shakespeare, and you’ll find more ____his plays____ the bookcase ____ the corner.
8. As the child was too young to travel ____ herself, they arranged ____ her to travel ____ the care ____ a friend of the family.
9. Have you heard ____John ____his return?-Yes, I had a letter ____Monday. He’s thinking ____ going back____ America.
10. He was ill ____a week and____ that week his wife never left his side.
11. Aren’t you coming ____us? - No, I’m waiting ____ Tom. - But he won’t be ready____ some time.-I’m not ____ a hurry. I’ll wait till he’s ready.
12. I’m very sorry ____being late. It was good ____you to wait ____me.
13. Passengers may leave bulky articles ____ the stairs ____ the conductor’s permission, but the bus company will not be responsible ____ such articles.
14. Remember to be ____good time____ the opera because if you’re late they won’t let you ____the end ____ the act.
15. I want two seats____ Romeo and Julie t____ Friday night.
16. ____spite____ the heat he refused to take ____his coat.
17. He was wounded ____the shoulder____ a bullet fired ____an upstairs window.
18. While ____their way from the coast ____the mountains they were attacked ____ a jaguar.
19. What platform does the train ____. York leave_____?-Platform 8, and you’d better hurry. It’ll be leaving ____a minute.
20. He invited me to dinner ____his club and____ the meal he asked me ____ advice about his investments.
21. He’s not independent ____any means. He depends ____his father ____ everything.
22. He has a picture ____ Picasso (Picasso painted the picture) and he can’t decide whether to hang it ____the hall ____the right as you come ____ or ____the sitting room ____the fireplace.
23. I’m tired ____ hearing about Tom and his Picasso. He can hang it ____ his garage ____all I care!
24. He said he was ____debt and asked me ____a loan____$ 50.
25. What’s the cheapest way ____getting ____London ____Edinburgh?-Well, you could hitch hike there ____next ____nothing, or you could go ____coach____ about $ 20.
26. I was horrified____ his appearance. He looked as if he hadn’t slept ____ weeks.
27. When he gets back ____the office he expects his wife to meet him ____ the door ____ his slippers, and have a hot meal waiting____ him.
28. Yesterday the children went____ a walk and didn’t get back____ 10p.m. Their mother was furious ____them ____coming in so late.
29. Passengers who get ____or ____a bus (i.e. who board or leave it) except____ the official stops do so ____ their own risk.
30. The rows are lettered ____A to T, beginning ____ the row nearest the stage. So if Tom is sitting ____B 26, and Jack is sitting ____C 26, Tom will be directly____ front ____Jack.
31. What’s the best way ____ cooking a lobster? - Cook it ____ boiling salted water, and serve it cold ____mayonnaise.
32. He was fined ____ parking his car____ a no-parking area.
33. He opened the door ____a rusty key and went down the steps ____ the cellar, followed by Bill ____a torch.
34. The adults worked ____6a.m. to 6p.m. ____ an hour ____lunch. Boys ____18 were not supposed to start____8 a.m. (earlier than 8a.m.)
35. He died ____ heart failure ____ Tuesday night. His wife is still suffering____ shock.
36. The house is ____fire! Send ____the Fire Brigade!
Ex.4. Insert a suitable word in the following sentences (about, at, away, only), by, for, form, in, into, on, out, to, under, up, with, over).
1. He insisted on seeing the documents.
2. They succeeded ____ escaping ____the burning house.
3. I am not interested ____ anything that happened ____ the very remote past.
4. The children are very fond____ swimming ____ summer they spend most____ their time____ the water.
5. How are you getting ____ at school?-I’m getting____ all right except ____English. I’m very bad____ English; I’ll have to work harder ____it, and spend more time ____ it.
6. Paul goes ____ school ____you, doesn’t he? How’s he getting ____ his English? or How’s his English getting____? - I don’t know. We’re not ____ the same class. But he gets ____ the other students all right. He has heaps ____friends.
7. There is no point____ going____ car if we can’t park near the theatre.
8. She made a point ____coming late so that everyone would look ____. her.
9. It never occurred ____ me to ask him ____proof____ his identity.
10. ____ first, driving on the left is confusing, but you’ll soon get used____ it.
11. I’ve heard such a lot ____ him that I’m looking forward ….. seeing him very much.
12. He was so absorbed ____ his work that when I came ____, he didn’t even look ____ (raise his head).
13. I’m sorry ____Tom. (I pity him). He has worked ____ Brown and Company ____ ten years and now the firm has been taken……. by Jones Ltd, and they’re going to dismiss him.
14. I’m sorry ____ being late____ Monday. Or I’m sorry ____ Monday.
15. The complete set ____ books can be ordered ____$10____ Jones and Company. (Jones and Company will send them to you if you write enclosing $ 10)
16. I’m waiting ____ my friend. He’ll be here ____a moment.
17. I see ____ today’s paper that you need a secretary ____a knowledge of French. I should like to apply ____ the post.
18. You can’t rely ____him. He’s almost always late____ appointments.
19. If you do not comply ____ the traffic regulations you will get ____ trouble ____ the police.
20. Wine is good ____you, but it is expensive____ England because there is a fairly tax ___it.
21. ____fairy stories, stepmothers are always unkind ____ their stepchildren; but my stepmother has always been very good ____me.
22. He was so infuriated ____ the play that he walked____ (left the theatre) ____ the middle ____the first act.
23. My au pair girl takes care____ my little boys (look _____them) _____ the afternoons. She’s very good ____ children. (She can manage them well.)
24. He threw stones ____ his attackers, trying to drive them ____
25. I threw the ball ____ Peter, but instead ____throwing it back____ me, he ran ____and hid it.
26. I object ____ being kept waiting. Why cant’s you be ____ time?
27. “ ____accordance____ the wishes____ my people,” the president said, “I am retiring____ public life.”
28. This regulation doesn’t apply ____ you. You are ____(less than) 18.
29. I’m not exactly keen ____ cooking; but I prefer it ____ washing up. (Washing up is worse than cooking.)
30. I was so afraid ____ missing the train that I took a taxi ____ the station.
31. What ____ taking the day ____ and spending it ____ the seaside?
32. I don’t object____ lending you my pen, but wouldn’t it be better if you had a pen ____ your own?
33. Don’t ask the office ____ information. I will provide you ____all the information you need.
34. I disapprove____ people who make all sorts ____ promises which they have no intention ____ keeping.
35. I was ____ the impression that I had paid you ____ the work you did ____ me.
Ex. 5 Insert a preposition (at, by, in, of, on, past, till/until, to, with) if necessary.
1. He asked ____ his father ____money.
2. They paid____ me____ the books.
3. I thought he would offer____ Ann the job, but he offered it ____ me.
4. Keep ____me a place, and keep a place ____Ann too.
5. They showed ____ us photographs ____ their baby.
6. Buying presents ____ children is sometimes very difficult. ____ the end I bought a kite ____ Tom and a torch ____ Ann.
7. Pass the salt____ your father, Peter, and pass ____ me the pepper, please.
8. When you have lunch ____ a restaurant, who pays ____ the bill?-Oh, each ____ us pays ____ what he has had.
9. Paul’s a pianist. He sometimes plays ____us ____ the evening. Last night he played some Chopin.
10. I think I’ll be able to find ____Ann a job.- Could you find a job ____me, too?
11. He sold the picture ____an American dealer ____ $5.000.
12. He promised ____us a share ____the profits.
13. He built a very nice house ____ Jack ____ only $50.000. I wonder what sort____ house he would build ____me____$ 30.000.
14. She is knitting socks ____ refugees. I wish she’d knit ____me some socks.
15. Sitting ____ the floor isn’t exactly comfortable. Throw ____ me a cushion, please, Ann.
16. if you are going ____ the Post Office, could you buy ____ me a book ____ stamps?
17. If you write ____me a song I’ll sing it ____ the school concert. I’ll get Paul to accompany ____me____ the guitar.
18. Could you lend ____ us your lawnmower, please?-I’m afraid you’ll have to ask ____ someone else to lend____ you one. We’ve lent ours ____ Mr Jones and he always keeps it ____ ages.
19. I thought you’d be late____ dinner, so I ordered some sandwiches ____ you; they’re ____ the bar. I haven’t paid ____ them: you can pay ____ the barman.
20. I explained ____ him that it was the custom ____ England to wash he’s car at the weekend.
21. I described the machine ____ him and asked ____ him if he could make ____ me one like it.
22. He told ____ us that she’d been attacked ____the street. We asked ____ her to describe her attacker and said he was a tall man ____ a help.
23. He told ____ them to wait____ him____ the bridge.
24. I cannot repeat ____ you what she said ____ me____ confidence.
Ex.6. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. Pass me the newspaper I want to see what’s on at the cinema tonight.
2. Mercian diplomats have broken____ all relations with Northumbrio.
3. According to the police report, the thieves broke____through the back door.
4. Please have a seat- the meeting is___ to start.
5. Scientists have broken____ in their fight against TB.
6. There was mass panic when cholera broke ____ in the city.
7. You aren’t allowed to leave the auditorium until the concert is ____ .
8. They became annoyed with Sam, who kept breaking____their conversation.
9. I’m not surprised Sally and Jim broke ____; they kept quarrelling all the time.
10. Thousands of villagers fled when war broke ____ in the north of the country.
11. On seeing the pictures he broke____ and confessed to his crimes.
12. Can you break the report ____ into five separate sections?
13. By 1980, flared trousers were ____ . Nobody seemed to like them any more.
14. He took a deep breath before breaking the bad news ____ Mrs Jones.
15. This is a difficult task – do you think he will be____ it?
16. We may be ____ a cold winter this year?
Ex.7. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. Helen was absent from school for more than a week.
2. John is bad ____ algebra.
3. The money we owe the bank amounts ____ over $ 100,000.
4. I’ve been acquainted ____ Norman for many years now.
5. I wish Vince wouldn’t boast ____ winning the lottery.
6. Beware ____ holes in the pavement when you walk round this city.
7. Paul was ashamed____ himself after his unfair attack ____his friends.
8. Peter blamed Alan ____ losing so much money in bad deals.
9. When the broken window was discovered Sam put the blame ____ his brother.
10. The police blamed the fire ____ people smoking in the building.
11. Let’s agree ____ the best way to solve this problem.
12. Helen’s so argumentative! She never agrees ____ anything I say.
13. Very few people believe ____ ghosts.
14. George is busy ____ his homework right now.
15. What time is the train due to arrive ____ St. Petersburg?
16. When he arrived ____ school the gates were locked.
17. Both families approved ____ the marriage.
18. John was angry ____ Anne’s attitude towards the children.
19. She was angry ____ Pete ____ not ringing her.
20. I was angry ____ George ____ his behavior on the school trip.
21. Ben was anxious ____ Amanda to pass her driving test.
22. Sheila was anxious ____ her impending French test.
23. You must take all the tablets if you are to benefit ____ them.
24. You mustn’t let people take advantage ____ you like than.
25. There’s no advantage _____ rushing through your work if you are going to make a lot of mistakes.
26. Albert Einstein was brilliant ____ physics.
27. This film begins ____ the hero running to catch the 8 o’clock train.
Ex.8. Explain the phrasal verbs in italics.
1. The company is planning to bring outa new perfume in the summer. Launch; produce
2. The situation calls forimmediate action.
3. The director’s death brought aboutthe collapse of the company.
4. Do carry on withyour work while I’m away.
5. Heavy smoking brought onhis death.
6. John was completely carried awayby the music and lost track of time.
7. The nurse brought the patient roundby putting cold water on his face.
8. They managed to carry the task through despite opposition.
9. This tune brings backmemories of my childhood.
10. The sale of the painting will bring inseveral thousand pounds.
11. We need to carry outsome tests to find out what’s wrong with you.
12. She was nervous about charring the meeting, but she carriedit off without any problems.
13. Please don’t bring upthe subject of politics in class.
14. The meeting was called offdue to the President’s sudden illness.
15. When fire broke out we called outthe fire brigade.
16. They tried to bring downthe government by starting a revolution.
Ex.9. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. She applied to the manager ____the post of editor of the magazine.
2. He is crazy_____ all kinds of fast cars.
3. I wouldn’t bet____ it being warm tomorrow.
4. The manager of the bank had to account____ all the money that was missing.
5. . I didn’t realize there would be a charge ____ using this telephone.
6. The police announced that they were going to chare someone____ the murder of the priest.
7. Nobody seems to care ____ what is happening in the world today.
8. James mother told him to care____ himself during the journey.
9. Mark was very clever____ figuring out how machines worked.
10. It was very clever_____ you to remember to bring an umbrella.
11. If you apply now, you’re assured ____getting a place on the course.
12. You can’t compare Elvis Presley____ Michael Jackson. Elvis is the king.
13. Compared ____ winters in Moscow, this isn’t really cold at all.
14. The Police Inspector wasn’t able to comment ____ . The case as they had no new evidence.
15. I’m going to have to stop eating chocolate. I think I’m addicted ____ it.
16. Michael’s been asked to contribute ____. This new science fiction magazine.
17. I couldn’t get into the museum because it was crowded ____ tourists.
18. Scientists are still trying to find a cure ____ AIDS.
19. You have to comply ____ these rules or you will lose your job.
20. Brian’s been accused ____ cheating in his exams.
21. Maria should go and see a doctor. She has been complaining____ back pains for weeks now.
22. I’m going to complain ____ the manager ____ this meal. It was terrible.
23. It upsets me when people are cruel ____ their pets.
24. He doesn’t seem to be aware ____ what’s going on around him.
25. This new book I’m reading is based ____ the life of Jackie Onassis.
Ex.10. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. While I was walking down Oxford Street I came across a good record shop.
2. You should try to cut ____ the number of cigarettes you smoke a day.
3. After a death of his father the young man came____ a lot of money.
4. I wonder how she came____ that expensive car.
5. We were driving slowly enjoying the countryside, when a police car cut____ and stopped us.
6. The writer’s new book came____ in time for Christmas.
7. This necklace came____ me from my grandmother.
8. The stain came ____of the shirt when it was washed.
9. Tim isn’t cut____ such a high-pressure job.
10. The performance came ____ well.
11. Nothing about the accident came ____ in the news.
12. You are always cutting____ our conversation!
13. You’d better come____ a good excuse or you’ll be in trouble.
14. Our electricity was cut ____ because we forgot to pay the bill.
15. After playing football in the rain he came____ a bad cold.
16. Do come ____ anytime. We can have a cup of coffee together.
Ex.11. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. Your diet is deficient in iron.
2. The TV programme was aimed ____ teenagers.
3. She had to beg ____money on the street.
4. He is very careless ____ his clothes.
5. There was a long delay ____ the completion of the road.
6. As it was icy he lost control of his car and crashed ____ a wall.
7. The couple took great delight ____ their newborn baby.
8. I was delighted ____ the news of their engagement.
9. Sue is very attached ____ her pet dog.
10. She couldn’t concentrate ____ what she was doing because the television was on.
11. The holiday was different ____ the one they had last year.
12. The only difference ____ the twins is in their characters; one is shy while the other is outgoing.
13. There is a great demand ____ economical cars.
14. T he Manager demanded an explanation ____ his assistant.
15. A policeman arrested the woman ____ stealing from a shop.
16. Contrary ____ what the newspaper said, the minister had agreed to sign the treaty.
17. Babies are depended ____ their mothers for everything.
18. The doctor told the woman that she was allergic ____ dairy products.
19. The young actress could never dream ____ starring in such a film.
20. Although her husband has been dead for years, she still dreams ____ him.
21. Are you conscious ____ the fact that you have caused us a lot of trouble?
22. In the desert you can die ____ thirst.
23. A lot of people died ____ the accident.
24. The boy was bored ____ his computer game after having played it all day.
25. We were doubtful ____ whether we should sign the contract or not.
Ex.12. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. The death penalty should be done away with.
2. The car drew______ at the side of the road.
3. You shouldn’t spend all your money as you may need something to fall ______ in the future.
4. It was after midnight when the train finally drew ______ at the station.
5. If you fall ______ your rent, you’ll be evicted.
6. The soldiers fell ______ the oncoming army and defeated them.
7. You shouldn’t do ______ your parents. They do care for you.
8. Joan is crying because she fell _______ her best friend.
9. Do ______ your shoe laces or you’ll trip.
10. The house was so badly built that two walls fell ______ after three months.
11. Peter went to the bank to draw ______ $ 300 to pay for his new computer.
12. Our holiday plans fell ______ due to lack of money.
13. When the man approached her, she drew ______ in fear.
14. He wants to save up to buy a car so he’ll have todo ______a holiday this year.
15. She fell ______ his story and gave him all her money, only to find he was a conman.
16. After a long discussion she fell ______ our plan.
Ex.13. Fill in the correct preposition(s).
1. She’s experienced in restoring paintings.
2. He was doubtful ____ passing his physics tests.
3. The athlete failed ____ his attempt to break the world record.
4. Tom failed ____ pass his driving test for the fourth time.
5. London is famous ____ it’s museums.
6. Mary found it difficult to cope _____ two children and a full-time job.
7. Diane argued ____ Sally ____ who would do the ironing.
8. After such a hard winter we are all eager____ summer to come.
9. Now that Jane is 9, she is capable ____ crossing the street on her own.
10. He didn’t accept the job because he was dissatisfied ____the wages offered.
11. I don’t there is any excuse ____ such bad behavior.
12. The boss was furious ____me ____the mix-up in travel arrangements.
13. The receptionist had a little difficulty ____understanding the foreign tourist.
14. She is an expert ____ cooking Japanese food.
15. Professor Davidson is an expert ____Sociology.
16. He’s an expert ____ this type of machinery.
17. She’s an expert ____ Greek history.
18. The memory of this computer is equal ____ that one.
19. All the children are fond ____ their new teacher.
20. She remained faithful ____ her beliefs.
21. Most people believe that experiments ____ animals should be stopped.
22. Everybody congratulated him ____ his success.
23. This music is familiar _____ me.
24. A literature student should be familiar ____ Jane Austen’s novels.
25. All the students were enthusiastic ____ the school trip.
26. She was envious ____my diamond engagement ring.
Ex.14. Explain the phrasal verbs in italics.
1. They managed to get alongdespite their difficulties. (have a good relationship).
2. I don’t understand what you’re getting atby saying such things.
3. She gets on withall her colleagues; she’s such a nice person.
4. He tried to get through toAnn but the phone was engaged.
5. Although he caused the accident, he got away witha small fine.
6. She’s good at getting her ideals across; everyone understands her.
7. She gives awayall her old clothes to charity.
8. The people couldn’t get onthe bus because it was already full.
9. It took him three weeks to get overhis chest infection.
10. The student failed to get throughthe whole exam in the time allowed.
11. The Indians had to give inwhen the cavalry surrounded them.
12. She tried hard to give upsmoking.
13. The food supplies gave outafter three days so they had nothing but water.
14. The engine was dirty so the car gave offa lot off fumes.
Ex.15. Fill in the correct preposition(s).
1. He was very jealous of his friend’s success.
2. The old lady was generous ____ her grandchildren.
3. The little boy was very frightened ____ the dog next door.
4. To make a good impression ____ his employer he volunteered to work late.
5. The actress was not impressed ____ the role she was offered.
6. The watch he bought from the man was identical ____ the one I had lost.
7. The key ____ his success is his decisiveness.
8. The students were dismissed ____ class at the end of the lesson.
9. The doctor was intent ____ helping the patient.
10. The baby had no intention____ eating it’s food.
11. He is very keen ____ playing computer games.
12. They were keen ____ do something different at the weekend.
13. The girl had heard ____ the accident from an old friends.
14. He was not heard ____ his pen friend in Russia for ages.
15. I’ve heard ____ him but I haven’t met him.
16. He forgave me ____ insulting him.
17. The man was found guilty ____ murder.
18. The women felt guilty ____ leaving her dog outside all night.
19. The boy was expelled ____ school for hitting his teacher.
20. There has been an increase ____ The price of fuel recently.
21. She was good ____ everything at school.
22. She’s good ____ her dog because it keeps her company.
23. The man was not involved ____ the fight.
24. She was afraid ____ jump from the building even through it was on fire.
25. That student was hopeless ____ getting her work in on time.
26. The ice-cream consisted ____ chocolate, bananas, coconut and cream.
Ex.16. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. Even though the police went after the criminals they didn’t catch tem.
2. “His line is engaged at the moment. Do you want to hold_____ or ring back later?”
3. John won’t be ay work today; he’s gone _____ the flu.
4. Sorry for being late but I was held _____ in the traffic.
5. Melanie is going to go ____ the dancing competition.
6. The fire will go _____ if you don’t put more wood on it.
7. The rovers held _____ The bank and escaped with thousands of pounds.
8. Yes, of course – bring some friends with you. There should be plenty of food to go _____ .
9. She held _____ some very important information which she refused to reveal.
10. Even though Joe was very angry he managed to hold _____ his anger.
11. Even though the police went _____ the evidence many times, they didn’t find anything.
12. The villagers fear that the supply of water will not hold ______ for the summer.
Ex.17. Fill in the correct preposition(s).
1. The surgeon is going to operate on my father tomorrow.
2. Ireland qualified _____ the World Cup Finals in 1990.
3. He insisted ____ having his lawyer present.
4. Mary is married ____ John.
5. If he persist ____ coming to work late every day, I’ll have to speak to him.
6. He was criticized for his neglect ____ his duties.
7. Frank is very mean person. He finds it very difficult to part ____ his money.
8. There were many abjections ____ the council building another shopping centre.
9. Mary was very nervous ____ having a blood test.
10. Many people are ignorant ____the long term effects of pollution.
11. He wrote a cheque ____ $ 250.
12. His arguments are lacking ____ logic.
13. John takes great pride ____ his new car.
14. Sally prides herself ____ being very honest.
15. Carmel is very proud ____ her daughter’s achievements.
16. She paid ____ her new dress ____ cheque.
17. As the shop didn’t accept credit cards, I had to pay ____ cash.
18. You can’t expert Joe to know everything. He’s still relatively new ____ the job.
19. He presented the new employee ____ the manager.
20. He was presented ____ a gold watch on his retirement.
21. I sometimes mistake Clare ____ her sister on the phone.
22. I’m hoping ____ a second interview next week.
23. John is notorious ____ telling lies.
24. He’s fortuned ____ having many good friends.
25. She quarreled ____ Andrew _____ which television programme to watch.
Ex.20. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. Let’s make for that island wait for the storm to pass.
2. Can’t you use a different pencil? I can hardly make____ your writing.
3. Instead of reading books to her, Mary’s father used to make____ stories.
4. He offered to make ____ all the inconvenience by sending them on a free holiday.
5. After shouting at each other for an hour, they decided to make ____ .
6. She passes ____every time she sees blood.
7. We were very sorry to hear that your grandfather passed ____ last week.
8. “ I’llpay you ____ for that!” shouted Johnny to a friend who had played a trick on him.
9. I’ll have to pay ____ my Visa bill or I’ll be charged a fortune in interest.
10. If you get caught, you’ll have to pay ____ your crime.
11. We watched the demolition men pull ____ that old building.
12. He waited excitedly on the platform for his friend’s train to pull _____ .
13. Pull yourself _____ and stop crying.
14. The company pulled _____ despite the economic crisis.
Ex.21. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. She has a talent for music so we try to encourage her as much as possible.
2. Why do you waste so much money____ phone calls?
3. My season tickets is valid ____ three months, so I don’t have to renew it until February.
4. My student card gives me a 10% discount, but it is only valid ____ certain shops.
5. She spent a lot of time ____ explaining the project to us.
6. I like to spend my money ____ clothes and foreign holidays.
7. Peter has terrible taste ____ clothes. He wears flowery shirts with green and orange striped jeans.
8. I love the taste ____ this wine- it’s very dry and has a nice fruity flavor.
9. You should not worry ____ your exam results. After all, there’s nothing you can do now to change them.
10. I’m very suspicious ____ that man in the corner- I’m sure he’s been following me!
11. How is your statement relevant ____ this discussion?
12. John said he would vouch ____ me if anyone were to suggest that I committed the crime.
13. I was tired ____ walking such a long distance.
14. I’m tired ____ listening to you moaning about him all the time.
15. I fell obliged ____ be nice to Jack because he’s given me so much help.
16. I tried to warn you ____ him but you wouldn’t listen.
17. Your dress is really similar ____ the one I just bought!
18. Could you please refrain _____ smoking-this is a hospital!
19. Fell free to make use ____ any of the books on the shelves.
20. Now that I’ve become used ____ all the noise I quite enjoy living here.
21. If you don’t stop teasing me, I’ll throw this book _____you.
22. If you throw the fish ____ the seals, they are sure to come to eat them.
23. You shouldn’t let yourself get upset _____ such silly things.
24. That comment was not worthy ____ you!
25. If you subscribe ____ this magazine now, you get a 30% discount.
26. It looks as though I’m going to have to deal ____ all the problems myself.
Ex.22. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. If you like, I’ll put away all your winter clothes for next year.
2. The army was called in to put____ the rebellion.
3. He puts his success ___ being in the right place at the right time.
4. The idea lan put____ is the best so far.
5. The cricket match was put ____ until the weather had improved.
6. Over Christmas I’ve put____ at least 3 kilos.
7. At home we have two fire-extinguishers in case we have to put ____ a fire.
8. Of course sir, I’ll just putyou ____ to Mrs Thomson’s office. Please hold the line.
9. After her death, a statue was put ____ in the town square to honour her.
10. I can’t stand him, but I’ll have to put____ his being there because John likes him.
11. You’ll never guess who I ran ____ in the supermarket- your friend Tom!
12. Can you believe that he ran____ all our money? I didn’t thing he was capable of theft.
13. He runs people ____ all the time. He never says anything nice about anyone.
14. We’re run ____ bread. Go and get some, please.
Ex.23. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. At the age of eight months I took my first steps, much to everyone’s amazement.
2. ____ the top of the street there’s a baker’s that sells the most delicious bread.
3. ____ the beginning we got along very well, but now all we seem to do is fight and argue.
4. ____ the end of the story the murderer was caught.
5. We had decided to go to France, but ____ the end we went to Rome.
6. ____ first I thought he was very rude, but now I quite like him.
7. The computer chooses data ____random, so that there is no bias or discrimination involved.
8. ____ my request, they ordered me a taxi.
9. “____ popular request, I proudly present comedian Dave Jones,” said the announcer.
10. Our baby-sister lives close ____ hand, so it’s no problem calling her at a moment’s notice.
11. When Chris met Ann it was love ____ first sight.
12. ____ the top of this hill there is a casino.
13. Put your essay ____ top of that pile over there.
14. The sports shop is ____ 31, Pine Street.
15. ____ all accounts she was a well-behaved little girl.
16. We decided to go ____ bus, but we had to wait for an hour at the bus-stop. The next time we go, we’ll go _____ taxi for sure.
17. I was sitting ____ the bus, reading my book, when Dave sat down beside me.
18. We saw her sitting _____ the taxi and waved at her, but she didn’t notice us.
19. He must have reached Israel _____ now.
20. Don’t worry, I won’t post it. I’ll make sure the letter is delivered ____ hand.
21. The teacher asked the children to learn the poem ____ heart.
22. Although she seems to be a selfish old women she must be kind ____ heart.
23. I’m sorry, but I did the wrong exercise for homework ____mistake.
24. We took him ____ surprise by arranging a party for his 50th birthday.
25. She told me that she had sent the letter ____ post a week ago.
26. The ship was lost _____ sea.
Ex.24. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. My brother left for France last night so the whole family went to the airport to see him off.
2. “ The butler will see you ____ ,” said Lord Thornton to his visitor as he stood up to leave.
3. We asked if we could see ____ the vacant house, thinking we might want to buy it.
4. “ I’m going to see ____ it that you never work in this town again!” shouted John’s boss.
5. John was not fooled by Helen’s charm. He could see right ____ her.
6. ‘Don’t worry about your university fees. We’ve got some money set____ for your education,” said David to his son.
7. It took only a few weeks to set ____ the business.
8. We set____ at 6.00 a.m. in order to reach Birmingham by lunchtime.
9. In the north of Scotland, once bad weather sets ____ it’s bound to last for a long time.
10. A problem at the Nantes office has set the programme ____by about three months.
11. It wasn’t his fault that he lost his job- somebody had set him ____
12. If we want to get this done by five o’clock, we’d better set ____immediately.
13. He said he would sethis dogs ____ the boys if they came into his garden again.
Ex.25. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. I won the competition more by luck than by skill.
2. Jane’s bad behavior left everyone ____ a loss for words.
3. The old building was ____ danger of collapsing.
4. We must catch this man _____all costs! He is armed and dangerous.
5. “____ once in your life think of someone besides yourself!” said Tom to his brother.
6. My name’s William but people call me Bill ____ short.
7. Before a plan is carried out, it must be studied ____ detail to make sure everyone knows what they have to do.
8. The sign by the beach said “Motorboats and jet skis ____ hire”.
9. When Jenny went to buy the dress she had been saving up for, she was disappointed to find that the shop did not have her size ____ stock.
10. It was only ____ chance that Kathy learned about her friend’s wedding.
11. “I wonder if we could discuss my salary ____ private,” said Bob to his boss.
12. I’ve never been introduced to Patricia but I know her ____ sight.
13. In our hi-tech world there are many things, that we take ____granted.
14. Ann collapsed ____ tears upon hearing of her grandfather’s death.
15. Why don’t we do something else ____ a change? I’m sick and tired of going to the cinema every Saturday.
16. When the teacher opened the door to the classroom he was pleased to see all the pupils hard ____ work.
17. As the time came for Daniel and Jessica to part, they promised each other that they would stay ____ touch.
18. “I pushed Sarah over ____ accident. I didn’t mean to hurt her,” cried Tina.
19. “You’ll be ____ charge of the children until 12.00 when we get back,” I told the babysitter.
20. This diet seems to work fine. Take Mrs Jones, ____ instance. She has lost three kilos in a week.
21. When I went to make a phone call all the telephones were ____use, so I had to wait.
22. “This time I’m back ____ good. I’m never going back to Australia again,” Nick’s brother assured him.
23. Jane was ____ a hurry and didn’t notice she had dropped her purse.
24. Dora was still ____ pain after her operation; she couldn’t even get out of bed.
25. “Until I know ____ certain that I’ve passed my driving test I won’t buy a car.”
26. The room was _____ a mess because the cleaners had not had time to clear it up.
27. I would like to see your proposal ____ writing before I make a decision.
28. She’s staying with her aunt ____ the time being, until she finds a flat.
29. Most shops sell goods____ a profit because they have bought them very cheaply.
Ex.26. Fill in the correct particle(s).
1. Don’t worry, I’ll stand by you whatever problems you may have.
2. Even though they knew he was innocent, no one stood ____ him.
3. Tom’s taken ____ fishing; it’s a very relaxing pastime.
4. Joanna really stands ____ with her red hair.
5. You take____ your father; you’re a lot like him.
6. Their business is being taken____ by a digger company.
7. Simon is too young to take ____ such a big responsibility.
8. RAC stands ____ Royal Automobile Club.
9. Everyone was taken ____ when the manager stood up and walked out of the meeting.
10. As the plane took ____ we had a wonderful view of Hong Kong.
11. Why don’t you take some time____ ? You look exhausted.
12. One of my colleagues was ill yesterday so I stood____ her.
13. I was taken____ by her; she fooled me completely.
14. She had to takeher skirt ____ because she had lost a lot of weight.
15. This is quite complicated, so you might not take ____ all the information the first time.
16. Work is going well; we’ve taken____a lot of new clients.
17. Military nurses were told to stand ____ in case of an attack.
18. I don’t know why she stands ____ that sort of behavior. I wouldn’t tolerate it.
19. If washing powder doesn’t take that sport_____ , maybe bleach will.
20. When we heard he had no place to stay, we offered to take him ___ .
Ex.27. Fill in the correct preposition(s).
1. The miners are on strike again. They want better pay.
2. He hid the file ____ purpose so that no one would find it.
3. When Tom is ____ duty he does a lot of sport to relax.
4. She accepted the prize ____ behalf of her father, who was abroad.
5. The drinks machine is ____ order; you’ll have to go out and buy something.
6. Everything is ____ control. There is no need to panic.
7. The plane fell on the floor and smashed ____ little pieces.
8. I’m sorry, but that item is ____ stock. We have sold them all.
9. Don’t buy those now- wait till they’re ____ sale.
10. I see their house is ____ sale- they must be planning to move away.
11. _____ regard to your question, the answer is “yes”.
12. I was _____ the impression that you like football, but I was wrong.
13. he discovered, ____ his surprise, that it was already ten o’clock.
14. There are a lot of animals ____ our farm in Devon.
15. I’m telling you this ____ the record, so you mustn’t print it.
16. Suddenly, ____ warning, a car pulled out from a side road and crashed into her car.
17. The house is ____ fire! Call the fire brigade!
18. This information is ____ limits to all but authorized personnel.
19. The police officer said, “ You are ____ arrest.”
20. Welcome ____ board this flight to Rome.
21. Strawberries are ____ season at the moment, so they’re very expensive.
22. It is ____ the law to sell alcohol to children.
23. We sat down ____ a field to have our picnic.
24. We live ____ the outskirts of town, not ____ the centre.
25. I am not ____ good terms with my brother; we’re always fighting.
26. I’ve heard this song so many times that I know it ____ heart.
27. The bridge is ____ repair; it collapsed last night.
28. You’re getting ____ the point; that’s not what we’re talking about.
29. He started ____ scratch and built up an empire.
30. I was late for work _____account of the bus strike.
Ex.28. Fill in the correct particles.
1. We weren’t expecting Bob to turn up so we were very surprised when he did.
2. He’s turning___ work of a very high standard these days.
3. I’m going to turn ____ now; I have to get up early tomorrow.
4. Please turn ____ the lights when you leave.
5. The new detergent is claimed to work ____ even the most difficult stains.
6. I’m sure you’ll be able to work ____ your problems with each other.
7. There’s no one else I can turn____. You’re my last hope.
8. The lettering on the monument has been worn ____ by acid rain.
9. You’ll get worn____ if you don’t stop working so hard.
10. I couldn’t turn____ his offer; it was too good to refuse.
11. I felt sick yesterday morning but the feeling had worn____ by lunchtime.
12. Please turn_____ and do the exercise on the next page.
Ex.29. Fill in the correct prepositions of place or movement (between, down, on top of, over, in/inside, above, in front of, past, up, among, next to/ by/ beside, from...to, through, under, below, behind, along, opposite, at, round/around, near, outside, on, against, onto, out of, across, to/towards/in the direction of, into)
APPENDIX 1
Tense Forms
PRESENT FORMS
| Present Simple | Present Continuous | Present Perfect | Present Perfect Continuous | |
| Affirmative | I cook You cook He cooks etc | I am cooking You are cooking He is cooking etc | I have cooked You have cooked He has cooked etc | I have been cooking You have been cooking HHe has been cooking etc |
| Negative | I don’t cook You don’t cook He doesn’t cook etc | I’m not cooking You aren’t cooking He isn’t cooking etc | I haven’t cooked You haven’t cooked He hasn’t cooked etc | I haven’t been cooking You haven’t been cooking He hasn’t been cooking etc |
| Interrogative | Do I cook? Do you cook? Does he cook? etc | Am I cooking? Are you cooking? Is he cooking? etc | Have I cooked? Have you cooked? Has he cooked? etc | Have I been cooking? Have you been cooking? Has he been cooking? etc |
| permanent situations or states He lives in a mansion. permanent truths or laws of nature Water boils at 100°C. | temporary situations She is staying with Pam at the moment. changing or developing situations He is getting fatter and fatter. | recently completed actions She has cooked dinner. (The action is complete. Dinner is now cooked. −evidence in the present) | actions started in the past and continuing up to the present. He has beendigging in the garden for an hour. (He started an hour ago and he’s still digging it.) | |
| repeated/ habitual actions (especially with frequency adverbs: often, usually, always etc) Healways is on time. (Here “ always” means every day.) | frequently repeated actions with always, constantly, continually expressing annoyance or criticism He’s always biting his nails. (Here “ always” means constantly.) | complete past actions connected to the present with stated or unstated time reference He has bought a house. (Now he has a house.) He has just entered. (stated time reference) | past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present He has been walking in the rain. That’s why he’s wet. | |
| reviews / sports commentaries / dramatic narrative Ford acts brilliantly in this film. | actions happening at or around the moment of speaking The police are investigating the case of the murder. | personal experiences / changes which have happened She has grown her hair long recently | to express anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism Someone has been sleeping in my bed. (annoyance) | |
| timetables/ programmes (future meaning) The match starts at 5.00. in exclamatory sentences Here comes George! | fixed arrangements in the near future I’m seeing Greg on Monday. | emphasis on number He has checked three hotels this week. She has been to the shop twice this morning. | Present Perfect Continuous is normally used with for, since or how long to put emphasis on duration She has been working since 8 o’clock. |
| Time expressions usually used with Present Forms | ||
| Present Simple | Present Continuous | Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous |
| every day/ week/ month/ year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, in the morning/ evening/ afternoon, at night, on Mondays etc. | now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still etc. | just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions), always, how long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for (= over a period of time), today, this week/month etc. (For and since are usually used with Present Perfect Continuous to emphasise the duration of an action.) |
PAST FORMS
| Past Simple | Past Continuous | Past Perfect | Past Perfect Continuous Continuo | |
| Affirmative | I cooked You cooked He cooked etc | I was cooking You were cooking He was cooking etc | I had cooked You had cooked He had cooked etc | I had been cooking You had been cooking He had been cooking etc |
| Negative | I didn’t cook You didn’t cook He didn’t cook etc | I wasn’t cooking You weren’t cooking He wasn’t cooking etc | I hadn’t cooked You hadn’t cooked He hadn’t cooked etc | I hadn’t been cooking You hadn’t been cooking He hadn’t been cooking etc |
| Interrogative | Did I cook? Did you cook? Did he cook? etc | Was I cooking? Were you cooking? Was he cooking? etc | Had I cooked? Had you cooked? Had he cooked? etc | Had I been cooking? Had you been cooking? Had he been cooking? etc |
| past actions which happened one immediately after the other She put on her clothes, took her bag and left the house. | action in the middle of happening at a stated past time I was traveling this time last year. | past action which occurred before another action or before a stated past time He had finished the report by the end of the day. | action continuing over a period up to a specific time in the past She had been trying to get hold of David for months before he called her. | |
| past habit or state He used to walk / walked to work every day. complete action or event which happened at a stated past time She quit her job last week. (“When?” “Last week”− stated past time) | past action in progress interrupted by another past action. The longer action is in the Past Continuous, the shorter action is in the Past Simple. I was watching TV when the lights went off. | complete past action which had visible results in the past He was desperate because he had lost his dog. | past action of certain duration which had visible results in the past Her feet hurt because she had been walking all day. | |
| complete past actions not connected to the present with a stated or implied time reference Coleridge wrote lots of poems. (Coleridge is dead; he won't write poems any more. − period of time now finished − implied time reference) | two or more simultaneous past actions of certain duration He was reading his paper while she was doing her nails. background description to events in a story / description They were walking in the park. | the Past Perfect is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect There was no milk left; she had drunk it all. (Present Perfect: There’s no milk left; she has drunk it all.) | the Past Perfect Cont. is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect He was exhausted that day because he had been driving all day long. (Present Perfect: He’s exhausted today because he’s been driving all day long.) |
| Time Expressions usually used with Past Forms | |||
| Past Simple | Past Continuous | Past Perfect | Past Perfect Continuous |
| yesterday, last week etc, (how long) ago, then, just now, when, in 1992 etc. | while, when, as, the moment that etc. | already, after, for, since just, never, yet, before, by, by the time etc. | for, since |
FUTURE FORMS
| Future Simple | Future Continuous | Future Perfect | Future Perfect Continuous | |
| Affirmative | I will cook You will cook He will cook etc | I will be cooking You will be cooking He will be cooking etc | I will have cooked You will have cooked He will have cooked etc | I will have been cooking You will have been cooking He will have been cooking etc |
| Negative | I won’t cook You won’t cook He won’t cook etc | I won’t be cooking You won’t be cooking He won’t be cooking etc | I won’t have cooked You won’t have cooked He won’t have cooked etc | I won’t have been cooking You won’t have been cooking He won’t have been cooking etc |
| Interrogative | Shall/Will I cook? Will you cook? Will he cook? etc | Will I be cooking? Will you be cooking? Will he be cooking? etc | Will I have cooked? Will you have cooked? Will he have cooked? etc | Will I have been cooking? Will you have been cooking? Will he have been cooking? etc |
| decisions taken at the moment of speaking (on-the-spot decisions) It’s hot in here. I’ll open the window. | actions in progress at a stated future time I’llbe working in Plymouth this summer. | action finished before a stated future time They will have got married by May. | duration of an action up to a certain time in the future By this time next week he will have been working here for 3 years. | |
| hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments etc, esp. with: expect, hope, believe, I’m sure, I’m afraid, probably etc. I’m afraid he won't come. | actions which are the result of a routine (instead of Present Continuous) We’ll be going to the zoo tomorrow. (We go there every Sunday – it’s part of our routine) | Note: by or not... until/till are used with Future Perfect. Until/till are normally used with Future Perfect only in negative sentences. She will have finished it by next week. (not: till /until) She won’t have finished until tomorrow. | ||
| actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future She’ll probably call. or actions which we cannot control and will inevitably happen Their baby will be born in the summer. | when we ask politely about people’s arrangements to see if they can do sth for us or because we want to offer to do sth for them. Will you be going to town today? Can I come with you? | . | ||
| things we are not yet sure about or we haven’t decided to do yet Maybe I’ll go out later. |
| Be going to | Present Simple with future meaning | Present Continuous with future meaning |
| actions intended to be performed in the near future I’m going to visit Joanne next week. | timetables / programmes The train leaves at 7 o'clock in the evening. | fixed arrangement in the near future I’m spending the week -end with the Smiths. (It’s planned.) |
| planned actions or intentions Now that she has finished school, she’s going to search for a job. | ||
| evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future It looks like the bus is going to be late. Be careful! You’re going to have an accident. | ||
| things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future They are going to have extra personnel for the summer. (It has been decided.) |
| Shall is used: | Will is used: |
| with I/we in questions, suggestions, offers or when asking for advice. Shall we play tennis? Where shall I go? | to express offers, threats, promises, predictions, warnings, requests, hopes, fears, on-the-spot decisions, comments (mainly with: think, expect, believe, I’m sure, hope, know, suppose, probably etc.). I’m sure Mary will accepthis proposal. |
| Time Expressions used with : | ||
| Future Simple & Be going to | Future Perfect | Future Perfect Continuous |
| tomorrow, tonight, next week/month, in two/three etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week/month etc | before, by, by then, by the time, (until is used only in negative sentences with this tense) | by... for |
APPENDIX 2
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