A good idea: should and ought to
Should and ought to can be used to say that doing something is a good idea because it will benefit the person you are speaking about:
You should zip up your coat.
You ought to zip up your coat.
or because the person you are speaking about is expected, though not required, to do something:
You should bring in the groceries for your mother.
You ought to bring in the groceries for your mother.
Although should and ought are modal auxiliary verbs, ought must be used with to. In other words, ought does not equal should, ought to equals should. Never say should to.
Very probable: should and ought to
Both should and ought to are used to say that something is very probable, very likely, or 90 percent sure to happen — that if everything is normal, as expected, or as planned, a condition will very probably exist or something will very probably happen:
The rebel territory should settle down once winter comes.
The rebel territory ought to settle down once winter comes.
In the examples above, either should or ought to can be used — they have the same meaning — however, only should is used in questions:
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Should Tom zip up his jacket?
Ought Tom to zip up his jacket?
and only should not or shouldn't is used in negative sentences:
Tom should not zip up his jacket.
Tom oughtnot to zip up his jacket.
Should not (or shouldn't) is used to say that something is not probable. It means that something is very improbable, very unlikely, or 90 percent sure not to happen — that if everything is normal, as expected, or as planned, a condition will very probably not exist or something will very probably not happen:
I set the thermostat at sixty-five degrees, and I'm sure it won't get below seventy tonight, so the heat shouldn't go on.
| Infinitive | |||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle |
| look around | |||
| look around & looks around | looking around | looked around | looked around |
1. look around p.v. When you turn your head to see what is behind you or around you, you look around.
I heard a sound, and I looked around to see who it was. Sally looked around the room and didn't recognize anyone.
2. look around p.v. When you look around or look around a place, you go to various parts of the place in order to see what it is like or what is there.
You should look around before you decide whether you want to buy the house.
Linda looked around the bookstore but didn't find anything interesting.
Look over
look over & looks over looking over looked over looked over
1. look... over p.v. [usually separated] When you look something over, you look at it or read it carefully and thoroughly.
He ought to look the car over before he buys it.
Here's the first chapter of my new book; look it over and tell me what you think.
Pick on
pick on & picks on picking on picked on picked on
1. pick on p.v. When you pick on people, you continually tease and criticize them.
Susie, you shouldn't pick on your little brother.
The teacher never criticizes anyone else — she picks only on me.
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| Infinitive | |||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle |
| settle down | |||
| settle down & settles down | settling down | settled down | settled down |
1. settle ... down p.v. When you settle down, you become less active, nervous, or upset. When you settle other people down, you do something to make them less active, nervous, or upset. Calm down is similar to settle down.
Why are you so nervous about the test? Just settle down; you'll do just fine.
Can't you settle the children down? All that noise is driving me crazy.
2. settle... down p.v. When a confused or violent situation becomes less confused or violent, it settles down. When you settle a confused or violent situation down, you make it less confused or violent and more calm. Calm down is similar to settle down.
Rioting and arson continued for three days before the area settled down.
The head of the union spoke to the angry strikers to try to settle them down.
3. settle down p.v. When people settle down, they start to live a less active life and perhaps get married, buy a house, and start a family.
Mike led a pretty wild life when he was in his early twenties, but he got married when he was 29 and settled down.
My son is forty-one. I wish he'd settle down and raise a family.
Step on
step on & steps on stepping on stepped on stepped on
1. step on p.v. When you step on something, you place your foot on it.
If the carpenter steps on a nail, she'll have to go to the hospital for a tetanus shot.
Sam stepped on a cockroach.
2. step on p.v. [informal] When you say "Step on it" to someone who is driving a car, you are telling the driver to drive faster.
Hank needed to get to the airport in fifteen minutes, so he told the taxi driver to step on it.
Step on it! We have to be at work in ten minutes.
Take out on
take out on & takes out on taking out on took out on taken out on
1. take... out on p.v. When you take something out on people, you unfairly criticize or punish them because you are angry about something that has occurred or about something that someone else has done.
If you're mad at your boss, you shouldn't take it out on your wife.
Hey! It's not my fault you got a speeding ticket. Why are you taking it out on me?
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| Infinitive | ||||
| present tense | -ing form | past tense | past participle | |
| think ahead | ||||
| think ahead S thinks ahead | thinking ahead | thought ahead | thought ahead | |
1. think ahead p.v. When you think ahead, you plan fora future situation or activity so that you will not have a problem.
When we're out camping, there won't be any stores around if you forget something, so think ahead.
We thought ahead before we drove through the desert; we took forty liters of water.
Zip up
zip up & zips up zipping up zipped up zipped up
1. zip... up p.v. When you zip up a coat or other item of clothing, you close it with a zipper.
It's freezing outside — zip your coat up.
I can't zip my dress up. Can you?
zipped up part.adj. After you zip up a coat or other item of clothing, it is zipped up.
Look at Timmy out there in the snow without his coat zipped up.
Before you go to the airport, make sure your suitcases are zipped up.
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