Task 11. Explain the difference between the following words. Consult a monolingual dictionary and give examples which demonstrate the difference between them.
issue – question
efficiency – effectiveness
goal – aim - purpose– objective – target–– end
to provide – to supply
to secure - to ensure
Task 12. Out of two italicized words choose the one which fits in the context. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. It was an issue/question which immediately raised the issue/question of immediate technical assistance and the better utilization of scarce oil and gas resources.
2. The developing countries have three needs: to acquire the techniques of energy efficiency/effectiveness, to improve their usership practices in transport, manufacturing industry and agriculture, and to exploit fully their indigenous energy resources.
3. Each report should provide information on the achievement of efficiency/effectiveness programme targets, together with targets for future years.
4. At the turn of the century, the goal/purpose of sustainable energy supply to the EU amid toughening environmental requirements and improvement in the competitiveness of the European industry through the reduction of energy prices comes to the foreground.
5. The purpose/objective of this new Service was to ensure that energy security issues were taken into account in IEA's activities in order to achieve more effectively its aim/purpose.
6. The main purpose/target of the risk management system shall be consideration of the ability to accept any risk and work out the approach to their evaluation and management.
7. The United Nations and its specialized agencies should provide/supply third-world countries with support to ensure that the economic and social needs of their populations were adequately met.
8. Reduction of potential political and economic risks will secure/ensure reliability of energy supplies.
9. The programme of development of new fossil fuel finds must ensure/secure that there is adequate information available about the method and about any conditions necessary to ensure/secure that it will be safe and without risks to environment.
Task 13. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
1. If you give us some time, we (prepare) all the documents in both languages.
2. If these technologies are allowed you (be informed).
3. If you (purchase) these shares you could trade them on the market.
4. Cost recovery (be allowed) for every certificate of the distributor provided the latter has achieved the energy savings target.
5. If in the first three years of the scheme, consumers (reduce) their energy costs at a higher level than the amount of tariff contribution it would affect the average market price of certificates.
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6. The Commission (bring) forward legislative provisions requiring regions to introduce these measures provided it is in line with national property law.
7. If a financial value on energy savings (be linked) with the profits of utilities energy efficiency would be greater.
8. If you turn to energy efficient technologies you (reduce) the costs and generate new solutions to the problem.
9. The law is due to take effect in November provided it (be approved) by the President.
10. The government will not restart the project unless the majority of people (support) it.
Task 14. Look up full names of the following international organizations and give their Russian equivalents.
IEF, IEA, OPEC, ECC, ECT, IAEA, GECF, EEC, IRENA, ASEAN, APEC, SCO, EAEC
Task 15. Complete the sentences by translating the words and phrases in brackets into English. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. (Энергетическая безопасность), generally defined as the (наличие) of sufficient (ресурсы), however, is a concept that is hard to define.
2. For (страны-производители нефти), energy security is primarily ensuring that governments keep increasing their resource based revenues.
3. (Развивающиеся страны), on the other hand, seek to avoid the negative impact that (колебания цен на нефть) may have on their balance of payments.
4. Oil is a unique natural resource, (невозобновляемый) in the economic sense and limited in quantities.
5. As (спрос) grows, due to population and economic growth, (энергоресурсы) will play a greater role, with the likelihood of more conflicts.
6. There are several factors behind the (падение цен на нефть) around the world: an increase in (предложение/поствки), an increase in the (количество источников), the likelihood of (сланцевая нефть) becoming a direct threat to the oil industry and a clear pathway opening up with the possibility of Iran returning to international (нефтяные рынки).
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7. The IEA should expand by including members from developing countries (обеспечить) a bigger reach of best practices regarding (энергетическое сотрудничество).
8. (Возобновляемые источники энергии) increasingly competes on an economic basis in many countries against (все виды топлива) except coal, but sometimes political and socioeconomic factors stand in the way of improving their (конкурентоспособность) in specific markets.
9. More than ever before, (энергоэффективность/эффективность использования энергоресурсов) is central to the achievement of a range of policy goals, including energy security, economic growth and (экологическая устойчивость).
10. In 2015, 193 Member States of the United Nations agreed upon a specific target on ensuring access to (доступные, надежные и современные энергоресурсы) for all by 2030.
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