Task 2. Scan the text and answer the following questions.
1. How has the meaning of energy security expanded over time?
2. Do you agree that climate-inclusive approach should beintegrated into the concept of energy security? Give your reasons.
3. What are the international and domestic factors turning energy poverty into a serious problem and how could it be better addressed?
4. What two key aspects does the universality of energy security imply?
5. What steps has international community taken over the last decade to formulatecommon principles of energy security? What actions do these principles specify?
6. How is the international energy security defined in a draft Convention presented by the Russian Federation? Was it comprehensive?
7. Why were the negotiations on the “International Energy Charter” of 2014 important for the energy community?
8. What contradictions should energy consumers and producers overcome to reach an agreement on a common concept of international energy security?
9. What is common concept of international energy security supposed to be based on?
10. What are the tools ensuring security of supply?
11. How do OPEC and GECF attempt to agree with importers to ensure security of demand? Have they succeeded?
12. Why is security of supply and demand important for the economies of energy consuming and producing countries?
13. What is the transit countries position in regard to the concept of energy security?
14. What does the future of common concept of energy security depend on?
Task 3. Scan the text again and be ready to speak on the points below :
1. The elements of the expanded concept of energy security.
2. Relation of energy poverty to energy security (domestic and international aspects).
3. The components of universal core principles of energy security listed in the G8 Declaration.
4. The importance of the notion of security of demand for a common concept of energy security.
5. The basics of a common concept of international energy security.
6. The role of security of demand and supply for the producing and importing countries respectively.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Task 1. Find in the text all possible word combinations with the following words. Translate them into Russian:
Security, energy, diversification, supply, demand, transit
Task 2. Give Russian equivalents of the word combinations printed in bold in the text.
Task 3. Find in the text English equivalents of the following word combinations:
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1. справедливая/разумная/приемлемая цена
2. недостаточное инвестирование
3. подход к энергетической безопасности, учитывающий проблемы изменения климата
4. приуменьшать значение
5. ценовая доступность энергетических потоков
6. система социального обеспечения
7. решать как проблему национальной энергетической безопасности
8. надежность предложения
9. диверсификация спроса и предложения на энергоносители
10. неделимость понятия устойчивой глобальной энергетической безопасности
11. надежная и бесперебойная поставка
12. страны-производители, страны транзита и страны-потребители энергоносителей
13. потребление энергии от первичных источников
14. накопление запасов
15. доходы от экспорта
Task 4. Match the words from columns A and B to make up collocations. Give their Russian equivalents.
| A | B |
| 1. environmental and social 2. fossil 3. energy 4. energy 5. supply 6. to meet 7. energy 8. to fall 9. energy 10. guaranteed 11. fixed 12. vertical 13. supply 14. rent | a) supplies b) short c) challenges d) sustainability e) offtake f) integration g) pricing h) sources i) expansion j) sharing k) market l) security m) subsidies n) fuels |
Task 5. Match the following word-combinations with their corresponding definitions and translate them into Russian.
| 1. energy security; 2. energy supply; 3. energy poverty; 4. energy subsidies; 5. energy diversity 6. fossil fuel 7. renewable resources 8. vertical integration | a) lack of access to modern energy services b) the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price c) Fuel that was formed in the earth in prehistoric times from remains of living-cell organisms d) An arrangement whereby the same company owns all the different aspects of making, selling, and delivering a product or service e) measures that keep prices for consumers below market levels or for producers above market levels, or reduce costs for consumers and producers f) policy that encourages the development of energy technologies to diversify energy supply sources, thus reducing reliance on conventional fuels g) are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time h) energy made available for future disposition. Supply can be considered and measured from the point of view of the energy provider or the receiver. |
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