Fig. 22 Granite – intrusive igneous rock Fig. 23 Marble – metamorphic rock
Fig. 24 Conglomerate – sedimentary rock
1. As there are three main rock-forming processes, three principal classes of rocks exist.
2. Another term for molten rock is magma.
3. In the first process magma melts and becomes new minerals.
4. Igneous is a Latin word for “fire”.
5. Sedimentary rocks consist of accumulated fragments of chemical or
biochemical precipitations from a fluid medium.
6. The process of sedimentation takes place inside the Earth’s crust.
7. Metamorphism is a process, which is marked by recrystallization or
deformation.
8. The Greek word meta is translated as “successive” or “change”.
9. A metamorphic rock represents a later configuration of minerals or textures different from those of the original material.
10.The main rock types are: volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic.
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
You will hear a radio science program in which an expert on climate
Geography talks about weathering of rocks. For questions 1-5, you must
Read the three possible answers, and decide which one would be the best
Answer to the question you have heard .
TASK ONE
1. A decomposition B disintegration C weathering
2. A Chemical weathering B Physical decomposition C Physical weathering
3. A Rock failure
B Rock fissure
C Rock transformation
4. A Their roots destroy rocks
B Their branches destroy rocks
C Their fractures destroy rocks
5. A many
B a few
C few
TASK TWO
Listen to the recording once more. For questions 6-15, complete the notes with the missing information.
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6.
Weathering is the process of rock
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| Temperature changes in deserts and mountains are |
7.
8. As a result of expansion and contraction, rocks
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9.
Finally rocks transform into
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10. When water freezes it increases
11. Rock pieces have varied
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| of rocks due to heat and |
12. Physical weathering is cold.
13. Chemical weathering means the influence of water, carbon dioxide
14. Water directs to more complex
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15. The action of plants is very
Listen to the following lecture- Minerals: rock components. Fill in the spaces with the missing information. You will hear the lecture twice.
| Some rocks can be seen with the naked eye. These particles are (1) _______ . These are (2) _____ ______ , which have been
inorganically formed. They have definite (3) ________ ________ - and definite (4) ________ _________ . When a rock forms, the chemicals organize themselves into different minerals. There are hundreds of different minerals, but some are more (5) _________ than others. Every rock is made up of a (6) __________ of different minerals. We can divide minerals into (7) ________ broad categories: 1. (8) ______________ 2. (9) ____________ (10) ______ is the most common chemical component of the Earth. The most common rock-forming minerals are (11) ________ . The simplest mineral of this type is (12) | It is pure (13) _________ . There are metallic elements combined with is the most common mineral of the (15) ___________ crust. The (16) _____ crust is rich in (17) _____ , so it’s also rich in aluminum silicate, called (18) _________ . Compounds containing carbon are called (19) ________ . The most important is (20) _________ . It is an (21) _________ mineral, because it’s affected by (22) ___________ . The silicates contain (23) ________ . Because of their chemical nature, these metals are impossible to remove. (24) ______ are metals that contain oxygen and are important ore minerals. Examples are (25) _________ and (26) _________ . A metal combined with sulfur forms a (27) ________ . These include (28) _______ and (29) ________ . | |||
DISCUSSION
5.1 Complete the mind map. Discuss the following questions:
• What are the 2 properties of a mineral (rock)?
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• What are the main features of a mineral (rock)?
• What is the definition of a mineral (rock)
MINERALS
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