License without a driving test.
Something many drivers in Germany are only able to dream about has become reality in Ireland: a driving license without a driving test.
According to a report in the London newspaper “The Guardian” almost 45.000 learner drivers in Ireland will be allowed to drive on the roads of the Emerald Isle without having taken a driving test. The British newspaper reports that the Irish government is taking this rather unusual step because 60.000 learner drivers have been waiting for a long time to take their tests. In Ireland there are only about 200 examiners for all candidates and so there is naturally a long waiting period.
All the 45.000 applicants who are now allowed to drive without a license have been driving for about six months and are therefore considered capable of driving a car. Their licenses are valid for a year. Afterwards, they may have to take their tests.
This unusual step is only possible because in Ireland and the United Kingdom learners can practise driving in their parents’ or friends’ cars. The only condition is that a license holder has to sit next to him to supervise their driving and give them advice. So they usually have much more driving experience before they take their tests than drivers in Germany.
It would be impossible to introduce this procedure into Germany, although every motorist knows that good driving is the result of a lot of practice and that the learning process does not end with the test.
1. You have to pass a driving test in Ireland._____
2. “The Guardian” appears in London.______
3. 60.000 learner drivers have passed their tests._____
4. There are about 200 examiners in Ireland.______
5. The candidates do not have to wait._____
6. The leaner drivers’ licenses are not valid.____
7. Learners must not practise in their friends’ cars.__
8. An experienced driver must be with the learner.___
9. Learner drivers in Germany and Ireland practise in the same way.___
10. You need a lot of practice to be a good driver.____
II. Choose the right variant.
1. I don’t enjoy (watch TV) very much.
a) having watched TV.
b) to watched TV
c) watching TV
d) to watching TV
e) watch TV
2. I don’t fancy (go out) this evening.
a) to have gone out
b) to go out
c) go out
d) to going out
e) going out
3. I heard her … (open) the door and go out.
a) to open
b) open
c) opened
d) opens
e) openeded
4. You always make me … (laugh)
a) laughing
b) to laugh
c) laugh
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d) laughed
e) to laughed
5. He is well … in the art world.
a) have known
b) knew
c) know
d) knowing
e) known
6. A meat - … animal.
a) had eaten
b) eat
c) is eaten
d) eating
e) to eat
7. That’s … book I’ve ever read.
a) the best
b) better
c) good
d) the better
e) gooder
8. I’m going to be late … the meeting.
a) at
b) for
c) in
d) to
e)….
III. Chose the correct words to complete the text.
Hi, Julian,
How are you? I’ve been … to write to you for ages. I know I said I… write you every week, I’m sorry, I’ve … really busy. We … so much homework these days!
You asked me … you about my summer. Well, my friend Tom asked me … to go on holiday with him and his family. My parents sail I … go, so I did! It was great. The place … we stayed was right on the coast. I …there before. It’s a very small village, and very quiet, although unfortunately a new motorway … nearby. I don’t know when it … finished, but the locals are not happy! Anyway, we had a great time and I’ve been … to join them next year too!
Write back soon!
Teresa
1. a) plan b) planned c) planning
2. a) had b) would c) will
3. a) was b) been c) be
4. a) are b) given c) gave
5. a) tell b) telling c) to tell
6. a) if I wanted b) do I want c) did I want
7. a) can b) could c ) will
8. a) which b) that c) where
9. a) had b) was never c) never go
10. a ) builds b) is being built c) is building
11. a) will be b) has been c ) would be
12. a) invite b) inviting c) invited
10th form
I. Read the text and finish the sentences below.
The Pilgrims
The Pilgrims were puritans, that is to say, people of England who objected to the form of religious feelings shown to God and religious services used in the Church of England. King James punished all who refused to follow laws and traditions of the Church of England and to give money to support it. These people had to leave their country and go to Holland trying to find religious freedom there. But they were not allowed to own land in Holland and, besides, they did not want their children to grow up and become Dutch- speaking people. They wanted to remain English; so, they soon returned to England with the idea of leaving for America. There, where the lands were still wild, they hoped to build homes for themselves and start a new life based on their own ideals of religious and civil rights. Pilgrim Fathers decided to form a colony that should be governed by just equal laws, established by common agreement.
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With the idea of a new England in America some of the strongest English people crossed the broad Atlantic on the little ship knows as “The Mayflower”. There people were independent and God-fearing. Some of them were also learned. The departure of the Pilgrims from England marks a period in history.
Towards the end of November in 1620, this company of about a hundred persons, will Captain Miles Standish as their leader, landed on Cape Cod, not far from where Boston is now.
A short time after landing, they found a suitable place to live and, about Christmas, began to cut trees and build houses. Winter came on, and they were not prepared for difficult times. Many of them got ill and about half of them died. But those who survived did not give up; they were not easily discouraged by the difficulties.
In the spring and summer following that hard winter, their crops grew, and the colony became rich. They made friends with the Indians and were not afraid of them. At last, they felt sure that they had found the land that they hoped to find so long. In the autumn, they decided to have a great holiday and to unite in giving thanks to god for everything they had received. They also invited the Indians, and all sat down together to celebrate the first Thanksgiving Day in America.
1. This text is about
a) strong people from America who formed a colony not far from the place where Boston is now.
b) strong and determined people from England who did not share religious views of the Church of England and left for America to form there a new colony based on their own religious beliefs.
c) supporters of the Church of England who went to America to start their religion there.
d) a lot of English people who called themselves Pilgrims and who decided to leave for America because there was a lot of land there to cultivate and to grow crops.
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2. Pilgrims are
a) people from Holland who first came to England and then to America to find a better life there.
b) a group of English puritans who sailed to America to escape from the religious beliefs of the Church of England and to make a new kind of society based on their religious ideals and beliefs.
c) a group of Americans who shared the religious beliefs of the Church of England and started a colony to show their religious feelings to God.
d) European people who did not want for some reason to stay in Europe any longer.
3. The Pilgrims decided to leave for America with the idea in their minds
a) to form a colony there which they wanted to base on equal religious and civil laws established by common consent.
b) to find some suitable settlements where they could live far away from the Church of England.
c) to travel about America and to learn much about it because many of them were educated people.
d) to share their knowledge of agriculture with the American Indians.
4. They crossed the Atlantic
a) in many boats that were badly equipped and many of them sank on their way to America.
b) on a big ocean liner that was very quick and comfortable.
c) on a ferry- boat on which they also brought horses, tracks and a lot of other things.
d) in a little sailing vessel, called “The Mayflower”, which landed on Cape Cod at the end of November 1620.
5. Some time after landing
a) they grew crops and got very rich.
b) they decided to return to England because winter came and they were not prepared for its difficulties.
c) they found a place where they began to build houses and though that winter was severe and many of them died, those who had survived, grew crops next autumn, a year later and became rich.
d) they opened schools and hospitals in the Indian settlements.
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