Leader of the topic: Candidate of Technical Sciences. Dr. Phd Omarov A.N.
Relevance of the topic
Currently used sprayers to protect cultivated crops plantations from pests and diseases in mountainous and Foothill horticulture have several disadvantages: low productivity, high cost of pesticides, fuels and lubricants, time and labor costs. In addition, ordinary Gardens structure, targeted to tractor, handling forces during vegetation pass on each set of several dozen times, causing severe soil compaction and reducing its fertility.
All this calls for significant changes in the structure of the Organization care technology fruit crops: a reduction in the number of aisles between the rows of technique and application of wide-cut combined machines.
Rational introduction of working fluids spraying can provide significant economic benefits at competent combination drugs, consumption rates and modes of operation. To streamline is droplet formation of optimal size and a sufficient density of coverage, as well as uniformity of application to processed object with minimal loss of drugs. You should also not forget about the shortcomings of practised ways of spraying, working bodies do not allow fluids to be dispersed to the drops of the same size, always occur: demolition drops the size of 20.60 µm and those drips drops size 350 microns and more.
Purpose and objectives of the thesis
The goal of the master's thesis is to reduce the intensity of corrosion of agricultural machinery and increase its service life.
To achieve this goal, the following experimental research tasks were formulated:
- The rationale for the installation of sprayers;
- determination of the processing quality of the upper and lower surface of the leaves with different ways of installing sprayers;
- determination of the number of losses in various methods of spraying;
-determination of the functioning of the sprayer under study.
Objects and subjects of research
The objects of research are fruit plantations, prototypes of disk and hydraulic sprays, a barbed garden sprayer, the technological process of processing fruit trees.
The reliability of the main provisions, conclusions and recommendations is confirmed by the results of experimental studies in laboratory and field conditions, multiple numerical experiments on a PC, positive results of tests developed and introduced into agricultural production of a garden sprayer
Scientific novelty
The scientific novelty of research lies in the development of a new method and design of a machine for spraying tilled crops with a variable height of installation and angle of rotation of the nozzles relative to the horizon and direction of movement; in identifying the number of deposited (upper side of the sheet) and adhering (lower side) drops, the area covered by drops of different size ranges; in the development of a special technique for express analysis of catching surfaces, which allows you to quickly and accurately adjust the sprayers before work, greatly simplify the research of new sprayers, speed up the process of testing and data processing, qualitatively assess the effectiveness of the use of chemicals.
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Research methods
In the study of an experienced sprayer in field conditions, the goal was set: to obtain prints of droplets of the sprayed liquid with the help of catching surfaces, for which we used white coated paper leaves and a density of 90 g / m2. The choice of this type of paper due to the fact that on its surface the drops did not spread and were not absorbed. The size of the catching surfaces was 0.03 x 0.06 m.
The study of the developed garden sprayer was carried out on the basis of OPH "Zatishye" SKNIIGPS on a test sample in a laboratory-field conditions.
When performing the work, the method of mathematical planning of a multifactor experiment was used, the processing of experimental data was carried out using a PC.
The theoretical significance of the thesis
In the introduction, the relevance of the work and its importance for the agricultural production of Kazakhstan are substantiated, the main provisions for the defense are given.
In the first chapter “The state of the issue, the purpose and objectives of research” on the basis of a review of works and literary sources it is established that at present a chemical method is used in plant protection. Its main advantage over other methods is high efficiency and the possibility of complete mechanization. The most widely used machines such as sprayers, pollinators, aerosol generators and treaters. Analysis of the designs of modern sprayers, created in our country and abroad, has shown that all of them are intended for processing of continuous crops and cannot be converted for processing of tilled crops.
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Base of experiments
In the third chapter "Program and methods of experimental studies of the technological process of the operation of the boom sprayer" presents the program of experimental studies, describes the methods of experimental studies, lists the used instruments, equipment and tools. ?? For research in the field, the site was chosen so that it could carry out the entire scope of work laid down by the program. Type of soil on the experimental plot-12
Expected Results
The fifth chapter, “The economic efficiency of the spraying process for the protection of tilled crops,” presents the results of the calculation of economic efficiency. Namely, the net discounted income, one-time capital investments, cost, maintenance labor costs, operating costs and payback period of capital investments.
1. Currently used machinery for plant protection does not fully meet its requirements for
processing of tilled crops, due to its imperfections.
2. Equations describing the trajectory of a drop of liquid with different methods of spraying are obtained.
Planned Approval
The paper proves the feasibility of processing the lower (abaxial) side of the leaves due to the greater number of stomatal cells, as well as a greater number of pests that inhabit these surfaces. It proves the need to develop a sprayer design that allows processing according to the proposed scheme. It contains specific solutions to problems of a technical and technological nature, which makes it possible to hope for a solution of the scientific and technical problem posed.
The validity of the initial premises, analytical and theoretical studies, the validity of the findings are confirmed by field experiments.
The experimental studies made it possible to scientifically substantiate the proposed spraying flow diagrams and were a technical solution of theoretical and practical value.
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN AGRARIAN-TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER JANGIR
PRESENTATION
MASTER DISSERTATION ON THE TOPIC:
"Justification of the design-mode parameter machines for spraying row crops"
In the direction of 6M080600 - "Agrarian machinery and technology"
Leader of the topic: Candidate of Technical Sciences. Dr. Phd Omarov A.N.
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