TUNNELS, DAMS AND CANALS (CHANNELS)



Part I

 

How many different dams or tunnels can you think of?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.1)

Read the text quickly and decide which structure it describes.

a The Hoover Dam  
b The Arlberg Tunnel  
c The Channel Tunnel  
d The Golden Gate Bridge    

 

The … … … is between Britain and France. It’s more than 20 kilometres long. It was built by British and French engineers. They started on opposite sides and met in the middle under the sea. They used specially-designed tunnel boring machines (TBMs) to dig the tunnels through the rock under the seabed. TBMs are enormous machines for digging tunnels. The machines used to dig the main tunnels were about 8.5 metres in diameter and 250 metres long. Work started in 1987 and the teams met under the seabed in 1991. It is a rail tunnel. The first passenger train went through in 1994.

 

* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.2)

 

3. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions:

- … более чем…  

- … был построен…  

- … противоположные стороны…

- … специально спроектированные…  

- … сквозь горную породу…  

- … дно моря…

- … метров в длину…

- … железнодорожный туннель…

Read the text again and answer the questions (1-9) below.

1. Where is it?
2. What is it?
3. How long is it?
4. Who built it?
5. How did they build it?
6. What are TBMs?
7. How big are TBMs?
8. How long did it take to build the tunnel?
9. When did it open?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.3)

First, underline the question words in ex. 4. Then use them to complete the following questions.

1. ………… many Roman roads are there in Europe?
2. …………… designed St Paul’s Cathedral in London?
3. …………… is the name of the famous bridge in San Francisco?
4. …………… was the Eiffel Tower built?
5. …………… is the Corinth Canal?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.4)

6. Find in the text from ex.2 the words that show places ( = define where the things are) or direction.

Fill in one of the words below into the gaps in the following texts. Check the meaning of any new words in the glossary or your dictionary.

across    around    between    over   through   under

 

The Panama Canal is a 64km waterway (1) __________ the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Before the canal was opened, ships had to travel thousands of miles (2) __________ South America. To build the canal, engineers had to dam a major river, and dig a channel (3) __________ a mountain ridge. Tower Bridge is an openable bascule bridge, designed by Horace Jones in 1886. It goes (4) __________ the River Thames in London. Thousands of vehicles drive (5) __________ it every day. Tall ships cannot pass (6) __________ Tower Bridge, instead, the roadway parts and lifts to let them through.  

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 15, pg.17, ex.5)

 

Try to make questions about the Kazan Underground and the Kazan Millennium Bridge (use ex. 4 as an example). Then try to find answers to the questions.

Try to make small texts about the Kazan Underground and the Kazan Millennium Bridge. Use the following words and phrases:

was built, highly-skilled engineers, opposite sides, specially designed, enormous machines, TBMs, to dig the tunnel, a rail tunnel, was opened, went through, over the river, between two sides, drive across the bridge, under the bridge, etc.

Make as many word phrases with the words from the box below as you can. An example is given.

to dig    dam     passenger    tunnel     team     vehicle     opposite             enormous under seabed       canal       between      to build       ridge

Example: to dig: to dig a tunnel, to dig a hole, etc.

Match the words from the box in ex.10 with their definitions below.

 

1 A passage under the ground.
2 To move earth and make a hole in the ground.
3 It means ‘very-very big’, ‘huge’.
4 A group of people who work together, or play a game together against another group.
5 It means ‘in a position on the other side of something’.
6 A person who is travelling in a car (bus, train, plane, etc.) but who is not driving it.
7 It means ‘the floor of the sea’, ‘the bottom’.
8 Something that transports people or things from place to place (cars, bicycles, lorries, buses).
9 It means ‘in the space in the middle of two things – people, places, objects, etc.
10 A long narrow piece of high land along the top of hills or mountains.
11 To make something by putting pieces, materials, etc., together.
12 It means ‘in a position that is below something’.
13 A wall built across a river to hold back the water.
14 A deep cut that is made through land and filled with water for boats or ships to travel along.

12. Fill in the gaps with one suitable word from the module:

1. Look at this dam! It’s ………. !!!
2. A new modern ……… was built across the river.
3. A train disappeared into a ……… .
4. TBMs are used to ……… tunnels.
5. Which ……… has won the building project?
6. There was a beautiful building on the ……… side of the street.
7. What kind of ……… is used to transport TBMs?
8. The train goes ……… this tunnel in 5 minutes.
9. The bridge is not very high, so tall ships can’t pass ……… it.
10. A lot of ……… usually travel in the train through the tunnel.

13. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:


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