The components (structure) of information technology

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Information - a collection of information about the properties of an object or process to digest the subject in the form of knowledge.

All the information which is used by people, can be divided into the following types:

 mathematical - is any information related to numbers and formulas, it can be not only a mathematical, but physical and statistical information. Mathematical information can be processed by a variety of computing machines and devices and stored on paper in the form of books and records.

 text - that information can be recorded on paper by hand or using a typewriter and printing equipment and stored on paper (manuscripts, documents, books, newspapers, etc.).

 graphics - this information can be processed by a variety of means and methods of Fine (fine arts, photography) and stored in the form of paintings, drawings, sculptures, photo cards, etc .;

 Sound - this information can be processed by means of a tape recording and stored on magnetic tapes, records and audio CDs .;

 video information - this information can be processed by means of film and video and stored on film and videotape .

All these types of information have existed before the advent of the computer. Modern personal computer allowed to handle these types of information and greatly facilitated their joint use.

Information - a set of physical processes signals perceived by the subject through his sense organs.

Data - data obtained by measuring, monitoring, logical or arithmetic operations presented in a form suitable for storage, transmission and processing.

Information processes. The concept of information is inseparable from the concept of information processes. For information processes include:

• transmission of information;

• receiving the information;

• data storage;

• processing of information and its presentation for use;

• use of information.

Technical means - it is a personal computer, office equipment, communication lines, network equipment.

The software is directly dependent on the technical and information support and realizes the functions of storage, processing, analysis, storage, interface with the computer.

Information support - a set of data presented in some form for computer processing.

Organizational and methodological support is a complex of measures aimed at the functioning of the computer and software to obtain the desired result.

There is another approach to dealing with automated IT structure, according to which any IT can be divided into three interdependent and equally important components that make up its core:

 Hardware (Hardware);

 software (Software);

 algorithmic (intelligent) software (Brainware).

Data processing

All information supplied to the computer, or encoded digitized, i.e. all characteristics data assigned to the number. Thus, the computer operates with no sound, or video image, and a series of numbers. And it does not process sound or video, and the number. After the treatment, the number again converted into sound or video and we hear the music and see the cartoon on the computer screen.

To simplify the technical recording and processing information using the binary system. If you are using ten digits in the usual decimal notation to record all the numbers - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, only two digits used in the binary system - 0 and 1, and all numbers are written with a combination of zeros and ones:

decimal system	binary system
0	0
1	1
2	10
3	11
4	100
5	101
6	110
7	111
8	1000
9	1001
10	1010
100	1100100
1000	1111101000

Table1-Data processing

Any sort of information is called the volume of information.

The unit of information is called a bit. The computer memory cell of 1 bit can be stored for 1 or 0.

8 bits make up one byte.

There are multiple byte units:

Kilobyte (KB ). 1 KB = 1024 bytes.

Megabyte (MB). 1 MB = 1024 KB.

Gigabyte (GB). 1 GB = 1024 MB.

Terabyte (TB). 1 TB = 1024 GB.

For example, we can say that if you make the computer the text of one typewritten page, it will have a capacity of about 2500 bytes.

2.Standards in the field of ICT. Communication between ICT and achievement of the objectives of a sustainable development in the Millennium Declaration.

ICT-standards system - a set of normative and technical and regulatory guidance documents, including a set of interrelated standards and other documents in the field of standardization related to ICT, documents defining the methodology of development, coordination, approval, modification, deployment, use and replacement, including a methodology to assess facilities for compliance with these standards and other documents in the field of standardization.

ICT industry - as a specific field of activity, which includes research, creation, development, evaluation, procurement, acquisition, implementation, operation and utilization of ICTs. It covers thus work as a developer and ICT suppliers and customers and users of ICT, including the activities for the implementation, operation and utilization of ICTs.

Industry Standard (IS) - standard related to processes, products and other aspects of a particular field of activity (whether commercial or not aimed at profit). In this document, under the industry standard it refers to a standard or other document in the field of standardization, designed for the use of ICT. The procedure for the development and application of established IS specialized body of public administration.

Standard - a document in the field of standardization, standardization of relevant principles, covering categories such documents as the standard of organization, the standard non-profit association, the industry standard or set of rules (the industry), the national standard, international standard.

International standard - a standard adopted by an international organization.

National standard - a standard adopted by a national authority of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Standardization.

Non-profit association Standard - a standard non-profit professional organization (union, association, etc.), designed for wide application by different stakeholders. The order of development of the standard and non-profit association established this association and is harmonized with the state and industry standards development orders.

Organization Standard - a standard developed and approved by the organization itself, based on the necessity of its use to improve production and quality assurance of products, works and services, as well as for the dissemination and use of knowledge in different fields of research results (the test), measurement and development.

Questions:

1. What is the definition of ICTand its purposes?

2. What is the ICT role in key sectors of development of society?

3.What kind of standards do you know in the field of ICT?

4. What kind of communications do you know between ICT and achievement of the objectives of a sustainable development in the Millennium Declaration?

References

2. Lorenzo Cantoni (University of Lugano, Switzerland) James A. Danowski (University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA) Communication and Technology, 576 pages.

3. Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (6 Volumes). ISBN13: 9781599049496, 2008, Pages: 4288

4. Utelbaeva A.K.,Utelbaeva A.K. Study guide for lectures on discipline “Computer science”, Shimkent 2008, 84 pages.

Resources:

1.http://www.intuit.ru/studies/courses/3735/977/lecture/14671

Lecture № 2. Introduction to computer systems. Architecture of computer systems.

Purpose: to discuss and give a brief idea on computer hardware.

Plan:

1.Review of computer systems.

2.Evolution of computer systems.

3.Architecture and components of computer systems. Use of computer systems. Data representation in computer systems.

Review of computer systems.

A computer is a general purpose device which can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.

A computer is, at its most basic, a machine which can take instructions, and perform computations based on those instructions.

A computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving the inputs (data from the user), storing it for a desired period of time, manipulating it according to the set of instructions (called program) and producing the output to the user in desired form. It performs a variety of operations in accordance to the set of instructions.

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data". It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and browse the internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more.

When reading the above definitions you may find some common behaviors of computers such as;

Since the computer is a man-made digital electronic device, it has a physical structure with several parts like the monitor, processor, mouse, and key board which are tangible. These are called Hardware. The sets of instructions which are also called computer programs installed in the computer are called Software. These softwares tell the hardware what to do and how to do to accomplish some tasks expected by the user to get done by the computer.

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