Tasks for independent work of student with teacher 3,4: learn
In my opinion – по моему мнению
I can’t make up my mind, but – не могу принять решение, но
I am keeping an open mind for the moment – пока у меня нет никакого мнения на этот счет
I’m (not) sure that – я (не) уверен, что
Firstly, (secondly) – во-первых, (во-вторых)
Finally – наконец
Tasks for independent work of the student 3,4:
Read these definitions of the word "law", which is translated in Russian language as "law".
1. A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority.
2. A set of rules or principles dealing with a specific area of a legal system.
3. A way of life.
4. A statement describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met.
5. A principle of organization, procedure, or technique.
6. A generalization based on consistent experience or results.
Form of presentation: orally
Literature:
1. Just English. 101 Texts on Law. Для будущих юристов
2. Just English. Legal Crosswords
3. Just English.Clones are Coming
4. Английский для юристов: учебник English for Law Students, Зеликман А. Я., Ростов-на-Дону, «Феникс», 2006
5. Translation in the field of jurisprudence, Borisova L. A. VSU 2005,.
6. The English language in international documents: Law, trade, diplomacy : for students of faculties of international relations, international law and foreign. yaz. / I. I. Borisenko, L. I. Evtushenko. Kyiv, 2001
7. English for lawyers, Kolesnikov, Nina A.: Moscow 2006,.
Week 3.
The theme of practical lesson №5,6: What is law?
Tasks: Discuss the following.
1. Do we need rules and laws?
2. Why do people sometimes break rules and laws? Have you ever broken
any rules?
3. Read the quotation and discuss it – what does Humphrey mean by it?
4. In your opinion, what is the difference between law and tradition? What
traditions do you know?
Read the following text, pay attention to the underlined words, try to
learn them.
What is law?
The term “law” is used in many senses: we may speak of the laws of physics, mathematics, science, nature, or the laws of football, logic or health.
Some laws are descriptive: they simply describe how people, or even natural phenomena, usually behave. An example of descriptive law is rather consistent law of gravity, another example is the less consistent laws of
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economics.
Other laws are prescriptive – they prescribe how people should or must behave. An example of prescriptive law is traffic regulations. When we speak of the law of a state we use the term “law” in a special and strict sense, and in that sense law may be defined as “a rule of human conduct, imposed upon and enforced among, the members of a given state”.
In any society, laws have several characteristics. First, laws symbolize norms, values, traditions. Second, laws must be codified in some way, usually through writing. Third, there must exist a method of enforcement: this can include police, social pressure, “magic”, or some other
force that enable society to punish or reward its members. And finally, there must be something specific to be enforced: laws are not general, but specific.
The main characteristic of law is that it is enforced, and such enforcement is usually carried out by the State. If the rules or laws are broken, compulsion is used to enforce obedience. Thus if A steals a watch from B, A may be prosecuted before the court. The court may then order the restitution of the watch to its rightful owner, B. If A refuses to obey, he or she may be punished, that means a penalty will be imposed on A. This is why we need law: if we all behaved according to our personal standards of behaviour and morality, anarchy would rule the world.We may say, then, that two ideas underlie the concept of law: 1) order, in the sense of method or system; and 2) compulsion – i.e. the enforcement of obedience to the rules or laws laid down.
Answer the following questions:
1. In what senses can we use the word “law”?
2. What is the difference between descriptive laws and prescriptive
laws? Give some examples.
3. How is the law of the state defined?
4. What do laws symbolize?
5. What can be used as methods of enforcement?
6. Why do methods of enforcement exist?
7. What is the chief characteristic of law?
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