Statements 11 through 20 (on your answer sheet circle the correct letter A, B, C, or D)
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Donetsk Regional State Administration
Donetsk Regional Institute of Postgraduate Education
Stage IІІ regional Students Olympiad in the English Language
ROUND I
Teacher’s Booklet
Listening Comprehension Test
For 11 th Form Students
Listening Comprehension Test for 11 th Form Students
WORK AND LABOR
There are many opinions about the quotation, "Why don't people work?" Aesop's famous fable clearly illustrates what the result of not working is. The ant and grasshopper are opposites in that one of them doesn't want to work. People of many generations have accepted the moral of Aesop's fable as the rule. According to Aesop's moral, the ant was right, and the grasshopper was not because it did not work during the summer. It was singing and dancing all the time and didn't anticipate what would happen in the winter. That is a simple moral. It is also too idealistic. For Aesop, the world is divided into two groups - the ants and the grasshoppers. However, people in real life are more varied and complex than the ant and the grasshopper. Maugham tried to depict the world in more realistic colors. He showed two brothers, one of whom didn't work but was still rewarded. It is the way life is. So, Aesop defined a rule and Maugham showed that people don't always want to live by the rules. Why? Life is more complicated than an Aesop's fable because there is a big difference between labor and work.
Most people consider labor as a way to exist, to provide themselves with the necessities of life. They work in order to live - even if they hate their jobs - and they would not work if they could manage not to. Political orientation does not matter; in any case, society will create conditions that require people to work hard. In his book "The Work Ethic Is Underemployed", Daniel Yankelovich considers three conceptions of work: first, as labor, as a way to exist; second, as a way to improve one's level of life; and third, as a moral necessity. Some people accept these rules. They work hard and consider this way of living as the only right one. They believe that their labor will eventually be rewarded. They are obvious characters of Aesop's fable. They are ants. And they do labor, not work.
There is another reason that people work. It doesn't fit into any of Yankelovich's definitions of work. There are some people who work not for money, not for the best possible material life, not because of a moral necessity or society's rules - but because they cannot live without working. For them work is a natural necessity that has nothing to do with either morals or money.
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There are three good examples of people who illustrate that work is different from labor. A good example of someone who could not live without working was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the great Viennese musician and composer. He could not accept life without making music. To live without creating music was meaningless to him. Jack London, a great American writer, spent his entire life in an effort to describe people with strong personalities and willpower, people who were trying to realize the truth about life. Roald Amundsen, the great Norwegian explorer, sacrificed his life for the work of exploration. He was the first person to reach the South Pole.
The people I have been talking about lived in order to work. They considered work something very interesting. It made existence more exciting; it gave meaning to their lives. Life and work were the same for them. However, they don't fit into the characters of Aesop's ant or Yankelovich's workers. The three of them spent long periods of time without working. These were times of terrible depression, stress, and even the threat of madness. Mozart was under a depression after his mother's death. The last years of his life, he drank heavily, and he died in poverty. Jack London wasn't more successful: alcoholism and financial problems led him to commit suicide at the age of 40. Roald Amundsen was killed during the air search for an Italian explorer, Umberto Nobile. It would be very simple to say that these people didn't do any real work because they were lazy or because they could not handle problems due to a weak will. However, like a glowworm, which does nothing at all, they made a beautiful light through their work. The light they made illuminated whole generations.
I believe that the difference between work and labor can explain a lot of things. Sometimes it is difficult to recognize the difference between them, but it is important to do so. Since earliest times humans have created. Their creativity has brought the greatest advances and inventions into the world. Uncreative work, or labor, leaves no trace in history. The majestic pyramids of Egypt, built through the labor of thousands of slaves but the work of only a few architects, still stand today as a monument to creative work. They are a combination of work and labor. So, why are we trying to differentiate the two terms? First, it is important to understand the difference between work and labor. Second, it is important to work rather than labor in order to create rather than merely produce.
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ROUND I
Student’s Booklet
Listening Comprehension Test
For 11th Form Student
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL ADVISED BY THE TEACHER
DICTIONARIES ARE NOT ALLOWED
STUDENT NUMBER: ____________
Listening Comprehension Test for 11h Form Students
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLET.
Statements 1 through 10 (on your answer sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false).
1. Aesop believes the man should somehow be able to foresee the future.
2. The author of the article shows consent with Aesop's idea.
3. People sometimes wish to go beyond regulations.
4. The majority of people share the same views on work.
5. The social aspects of work ethic are secondary.
6. Work and labor are more the same than different issues.
7. The ideas on work of a modern author absolutely disagree with Aesop's.
8. Some people fall out of the suggested categories.
9. It is not unusual that some people may idle for some time.
10. The difference between work and labor lies in creativity.
STOP. WAIT FOR THE SECOND READING OF THE TEXT.
Questions 11 through 20 (on your answer sheet circle the correct letter A, B, C or D).
11. The grasshopper in the famous fable is a symbol of:
A) indifference
B) intolerance
C) idleness
D) restlessness
12. Aesop's moral may be regarded to be:
A) truly unexpected
B) far from reality
C) the only possible
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D) rather complicated
13. In his book, an English writer tried to be more:
A) colorful
B) cheerful
C) plausible
D) surrealistic
14. The community can always find the way to:
A) sacrifice workers
B) sympathize with workers
C) idealize the class
D) organize labor
15. One of the following conceptions is not considered by Daniel Yankelovich:
A) greed
B) toil
C) source
D) need
16. One can make an inference that the number of people out of Yankelovich's scheme
is:
A) rather big
B) fairly small
C) enormous
D) not to be taken into consideration
17. The story does NOT bring this person as an example:
A) a famous Austrian
B) a famous Italian
C) a famous Norwegian
D) a famous American
18. It is clear that there are people that work:
A) to forget
B) to understand
C) to survive
D) to constrain
19. This issue was NOT mentioned about the three famous people:
A) extremely low spirit
B) lack of funds
C) drinking hard D)poor willpower
20. One can infer from the text that labor should require:
A) less sensitivity
B) less capability
C) less fertility
D) less productivity
ROUND II
Reading Comprehension Test
For 11 th Form Students
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL ADVISED BY THE TEACHER
DICTIONARIES ARE NOT ALLOWED
STUDENT NUMBER ____________
DIFFERENT STAGES OF FRIENDSHIP
I have had experiences where I felt closeness with a person who I just met, and we were able to become friends instantly as if we had known each other for a long time. I can call that person a soul mate because I felt my soul drawn to him or her for no reason and irrespective of sex, age, and race. I have a friend, Kaori, who I met just nine years age, and I remember vividly what we did and talked about even though I don't remember her face clearly any more. However, we have kept in touch with each other to this day. An event like this happens only occasionally in our lives because it usually takes time to become friends and to cultivate friendships. For that reason, we have different kinds of friendships, depending usually on how long we have known the friends. The process of making friends can be divided into three stages: new friends and acquaintances, true friends, and best friends.
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There are many reasons why people become friends such as feelings of familiarity, having things in common, or having the same experience. For example, when I was taking an English class, I had many classmates, but I could not get to know everyone. Some of them became my friends because they were friendly and easy to talk to, because we spent time doing something together in class, or because we had the same purpose: a desire to improve our English. However, some of them remained only acquaintances because we didn't keep in touch after the course without definite reasons. They were friends at that time only, and the reasons for this that come to mind are that we led busy lives and that we didn't have much in common because of no longer being classmates. However, we shared qualities of friendship such as warmth and encouraging one another at that time although we were only acquaintances.
Moving on to the second stage, a true friendship would be a deeper relationship; it is natural for us to be true friends if we spend time together and get to know one another. For instance, some of my former classmates are still my friends, and we sometimes have lunch, go shopping, or talk on the phone even though we are not classmates any more. We are becoming true friends and building friendships because we are getting to know each other better gradually on account of spending time together. As a result, we have trust, understanding, and affection in our friendships.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLET.
Statements 1 through 10 (on your answer sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false)
1. Becoming friends usually depends on a set of different factors.
2. It is more common to become best friends after quite a while.
3. Keeping in touch is essential for friendships.
4. Warm feelings are not necessarily the sign of friendship only.
5. True friendship does not imply knowing each other better.
6. Being a best friend puts certain obligations on a person.
7. People are very likely to display their selves in public.
8. Not all range of possible topics is open for discussion between best friends.
9. It happens that people change friends with the flow of time.
10. Friendships normally help people understand themselves rather than others.
* TEXT 2
CHRISTMAS ON YOUR OWN CAN BE A SPECIAL TREAT
Home alone at Christmas. Imagine it. How does the prospect make you feel? Unbearably sad, slightly panic-stricken, or filled with a thrilling sense of liberation?
In the relentless round of Yuletide festivities, spending December 25 solo has become the ultimate taboo. Mention to friends that you will be dining toute seule before settling down to watch the BBC blockbuster with just the cat for company, and you will invariably be met with gasps of dismay, followed by a flurry of well-meant, if clumsy, invitations. The idea that anyone might actively seek to spend the day on their own makes others feel uncomfortable - even those who freely admit they don't get on with their family and find the day pure purgatory. But for many people there's a word of difference between solitude and loneliness.
Of course some people, whether through family breakdown or divorce, find they have no option but to spend Christmas on their own. The Women's Royal Volunteer Service estimates that around a million elderly people will spend this Christmas alone.
"There's a huge pressure on people to comfort at Christmas, and that can cause heartache for those who don't have a traditional family circle", says social psychologist Arthur Cassidy. "Others opt out because they want to take stock and invest in themselves rather than engaging in all the compromise that being in a large group of people involves. In our hectic modern world, having time to contemplate is a rare luxury".
So, what to do if you feel like spending Christmas alone? Firstly, you could flee the country. Skiing holidays offer one person alternative, as there's plenty to do, and December 25 is just like any other day. Or, if warmer weather appeals, companies such as Travel One (which specializes in lone travellers) will be dispatching hundreds of singletons to sundry sunkissed destinations this Christmas. "Our clients prefer to be with like-minded people somewhere sunny at Christmas", says Travel One director John Phillips. "There's no enforced jollity on December 25. We do hold a special gala dinner on Christmas Day, but it's entirely optional".
Of those who choose to stay at home, some may be charitably-minded and devote part of their day to doing good works at a homeless shelter. Others will prefer to plan a perfect day of pampering.
One of the joys of Christmas alone is not having to share the remote. But festive television can be depressing at the best of times, so have a couple of DVDs on hand to spare yourself endless Only Fools and Horses repeats. And remember that you don't need other people to have a lovely day. In fact, when you tell your stressed-out friends what a fabulously relaxing me-time you've got lined up, they'll probably wish they'd thought of it first.
While cultivating a friendship, you might find a best friend whom you can confide in, whom you do all you can for without expecting anything in return, and whom you sacrifice your time or energy for willingly if he or she needs you.
A best friend will accept and respect you, keep confidences, and be loyal to you. When you can get a friendship like this, it is not too much to say that you are fortunate, for it is difficult to find a best friend. That is so because it is hard to accept and respect differences in feelings, thoughts and personalities, and also because we are afraid to reveal ourselves. Fortunately, my best friend, Mikako, and I got over these difficulties. For example, we know each other's shortcomings and if necessary, we advise each other to mend them. However, we can accept them because we know each other very well, so they are not serious problems in our friendship. Also we confide in each other and share our personal events and feelings no matter whether they are good or bad. We want to listen to each other's opinions even if we disagree or disapprove of them because we accept and respect each other, and we know we value each other's opinions.
We have different kinds of friends in different parts of our lives, but not all friendships last forever. However, they are parts of our lives and our memories even though some of them are only acquaintances. While building a friendship, we learn and benefit from our friends through their encouragement, affection, support, trust, and kindness. When we have a good relationship with someone, it makes us feel happy and joyful. And friendship makes us more human as it helps us to realize that others have the same needs as we do that friendship fills. In the end, friendship helps us to see how precious life is and why we are living.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLET.
Statements 11 through 20 (on your answer sheet circle the correct letter A, B, C, or D)
11. The article implies that celebrating Christmas together:
A) is quite unusual
B) is a common habit
C) never takes place
D) is something people can only dream of
12. One can come to a conclusion that a traditional way of celebrating Christmas:
A)going out with family or friends
B) having a meal and watching TV
C) spending a Christmas night alone
D) going abroad
13 .The French expression "toute seule" may most probably mean: A)at home
B) outside home
C) with friends
D) without anybody
14. It is expected that a lot of aged people on Christmas night are going to:
A)lack company
B) spend a million
C) do estimates
D) do volunteer service
15. The word "hectic" may be best replaced with:
A) unusual
B) comfortable
C) crazy
D) merry
16. It can be inferred that people are supposed to do traditional Christmas stuff:
A) because it's a law
B) sometimes against their will
C) to avoid heart diseases
D) to get into a family circle
17. Of the possible ways of spending Christmas time alone the one NOT mentioned was:
A) spending time at home
B) going abroad
C) doing sports
D) having a festive dinner
18. The word "jollity" can best be replaced by:
A) breakdown
B) obligation
C) feast
D) quest
19. Companies like Travel One normally work with:
A) pensioners
B) newlyweds
C) singles
D) skiers
20. One of the possible problems for people spending Christmas time alone is:
A) doing charity
B) sharing the remote
C) pampering oneself
D) watching bad TV programs
ROUND Iii
Writing Comprehension Test
For 11 th Form Students
STUDENT NUMBER: ___________
Writing Comprehension Test for 11 th Form Students
1. Science and technology are going in many different directions: human beings are exploring space, finding new medical technology, studying ocean depths, improving communication, and finding ways to make people's lives easier. In your opinion, what is the most exciting aspect of scientific exploration? What is the most practical for our lives? What technologies should governments be spending their money on? What specific development do you hope to see science achieve in your lifetime?
2. Body piercing is becoming more accepted in Ukraine. Why do you think some people are attracted to this fashion? What are the dangers of piercing? Are there any parts of the body that you think are unacceptable for piercing? Do you think this fashion will remain popular, or will it quickly lose its appeal?
3. Imagine that the fountain of youth has been discovered, giving eternal life to those who drink from it.
- If you could choose one notable living person to live forever, who would it be?
- Why would you choose this person? How would their eternal presence influence the future?
- What would be the positive and negative effects on society as a whole?
ROUND IV
Speaking Comprehension Test
For 11 th Form Students
1. You can choose to have one supernatural ability or gift. What do you choose? Why will you choose this? How do you think others will treat you because of your gift?
2. Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.
3. People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read, some exercise, others work in the gardens. How does it affect society as a whole and the individuals making up that society? How would you propose to do away with this problem?
4. It has been said that "not everything that is learned is contained in books".
*Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with
knowledge gained from books.
* In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
* What is one skill you have learned without books? Describe a time when it helped you.
5. Journalism is a vital and challenging profession.
* Why is journalism important?
* If you were a journalist, what kinds of news would you enjoy reporting about?
* Who would be the first person you would interview and why?
6. Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home country.
* Why do some students study abroad?
* How could studying abroad be viewed as a waste of time?
* How can a student make the most out of his or her time abroad?
7. Choosing a career path can be a difficult decision.
* What should be one's motivation in choosing a career path?
* When you have a family to support, is it fair to choose a job that gives you personal satisfaction even if the salary is lower than other available jobs?
*How can people balance their professional and personal lives?
8. Many families in Ukraine grow their own food, but in many parts of the world people buy the majority of their food from supermarkets.
* What are the benefits of growing your own food?
* Why do some people prefer to buy all their food from stores?
* If you had a garden and could only plant three things, what would they be and why?
9. Globalization means the process by which regional economics, societies, and cultures get connected through communication, transportation, and trade. This process has sped up greatly over the last two decades.
* What advances in communication have caused globalization to speed
up?
* What roles have travels played in the globalization of world
economies?
* How can globalization positively affect different countries? How can it
negatively affect them?
10. With all the pressures of the modern world, time is an important factor in our life today. How does time impact your life?
* Do you have enough time to do all the things you'd like to do in your life?
* How do you prioritize your time to accomplish the things that are the most important to you?
* Do you follow a strict schedule and calendar, or do you "take life as it comes"? What are the advantages and disadvantages of your approach?
11. Franklin D. Roosevelt declared, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
* What do you think of this quote?
* What phobias do you have?
* How do you handle fear?
12. "Don't judge a book by its cover" is a popular English idiom.
* How do you interpret this phrase?
* Describe a time when you misjudged someone or something based on appearances.
* What value do you think our culture places on appearances, and is it appropriate? Explain.
13. Tattoos and body piercings are becoming more and more popular. Many people with tattoos and piercings believe that such body art helps them express their inner personalities.
* What are some arguments against tattoos and body piercings?
* Do you like tattoos and body piercings? Why or why not?
* If you had to choose one body art to express your personality, what would it be and why?
14. What is more important: fame and money or strong character and good values? Explain your point of view, and how you define "good values". Use examples of real people who have followed either fame or money, or pursued a strong character. How do people normally act? Do they aim for moral character or for money? Why? Is it impossible to have both?
15. You are going to start a new business. You have the money, you have the space, and you have the workers. What product will you sell? What types of people would be interested in your product? How will you advertise this product? Give a sample advertisement motto.
16 . How fashion conscious are you? Do you give time and thought to what you wear each day? How much does this affect your daily routine? How would it be different if you didn't care about fashion? Why?
17. Imagine you have a magic mirror that allows you to see anything in the world.
* What would you choose to see?
* What would you do with this information?
* What could be dangerous about someone having access to such a powerful tool?
18. Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter. You have the opportunity to interview any person in the world.
* Who would you choose to interview?
* How has this person influenced people's lives?
* What three questions would you ask first?
19. Imagine you have the power to see the future.
* What advantages and disadvantages accompany this gift?
* What responsibilities come with this gift ?
* Would you make the knowledge of your ability public?
20. Imagine that someday you will have a career as an actor or actress.
* What kind of character would you play? What types of production would you be in?
* If you could play any character in a theatre performance or movie that you have seen, who would it be and why?
*Do you think you would enjoy this career?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Donetsk Regional State Administration
Donetsk Regional Institute of Postgraduate Education
Stage IІІ regional Students Olympiad in the English Language
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