The Role of Customs. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
Государственное казенное образовательное учреждение
Высшего профессионального образования
«РОССИЙСКАЯ ТАМОЖЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ»
Владивостокский филиал
Кафедра иностранных языков
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЙ
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)
Часть II
Учебное пособие
Для студентов специальности
Таможенное дело
Владивосток
2014
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
MODULE 6
6.1 The Role of Customs. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
6.2 Working for Customs. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
6.3 Customs Violations. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
MODULE 7
7.1 Customs’ IPR Enforcement. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
7.2 Combating Smuggling. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
7.3 International Agreements. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
MODULE 8
8.1 International Cooperation. The World Customs Organization.
Grammar Review
8.2 The World Trade Organization. Grammar Review
SUPPLEMENT: Trade Facilitation Terms
ADDITIONAL INTERNET RESOURCES
УДК 811
ББК 81.2 Англ
П 84
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЙ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ). Часть 2 : учеб. пособие для студентов 4-5 курсов специальности 036401.65 Таможенное дело / сост. О.В. Круглякова, Е. Я. Бадеева; Российская таможенная академия, Владивостокский филиал. - Владивосток: РИО Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии, 2014. – с.
ISBN 978-5-9590-0613-6
Учебное пособие ставит целью формирование общекультурной компетенции студентов - способности применять иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности через овладение всеми видами речевой деятельности и увеличение словарного запаса в рамках специальности 036401.65 Таможенное дело. Подготовлено в соответствии с современными требованиями к учебному процессу и является частью учебно-методического комплекса дисциплины «Профессионально ориентированный иностранный язык (английский)».
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Для студентов очной формы обучения Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
Составители: О.В. Круглякова, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии
Е.Я. Бадеева, к.ф.н., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
Рецензенты: Н.А. Спицына, к.ф.н., доцент кафедры лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации Школы региональных и международных исследований Дальневосточного федерального университета
Н.В. Бородина, доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Дальневосточного государственного технического рыбохозяйственного университета.
Предисловие
Вторая часть учебного пособия «Профессионально ориентированный иностранный язык (английский)» предназначено для студентов 4-5 курсов специальности 036401.65 Таможенное дело.
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Создание данного пособия обусловлено недостатком современной учебно-методической литературы на английском языке по темам, отражающим разнообразные сферы профессиональной деятельности таможенных органов в России и за рубежом.
Основная цель учебного пособия, которое создавалось с учетом современных требований к уровню преподавания иностранного языка, - формирование общекультурной компетенции - способности применять иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности, - через овладение всеми видами речевой деятельности и увеличение словарного запаса в рамках специальности 036401.65 Таможенное дело.
Вторая часть пособия состоит из 3-х модулей и содержит материалы для изучения в 7-9 семестрах, представляющие собой аутентичные тексты с упражнениями по темам «Правоохранительная деятельность таможенных органов», «Нарушения таможенных правил», «Деятельность таможенных органов в рамках международных конвенций», и т.п.
В дополнение к аутентичным текстам, пособие включает речевые и лексико-грамматические упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков устной речи и стимулирующие свободное говорение в рамках изучаемой тематики.
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Учебное пособие не содержит грамматического справочника, однако грамматические темы, которым следует уделить особое внимание при изучении английского языка, представлены в виде схем, моделей и упражнений, служащих активизации данного материала.
Структура учебных материалов имеет характеристики, необходимые для формирования профессиональной компетентности, такие как модульность, многоуровневость, междисциплинарность, коммуникативная направленность и принцип опережения. Последний заключается в таком отборе тем, текстового и языкового материала и таком характере учебных заданий, которые обеспечивают общее интеллектуальное развитие студентов и стимулируют развитие профессионально значимых компетенций. Принцип опережения предполагает максимальную опору на проблемные методы обучения, реализуемые через использование заданий на поиск и анализ необходимой информации.
Пособие имеет компьютерную составляющую для формирования у студентов интегративных компетенций. При выполнении поисковых заданий для самостоятельной работы, включающих учебную работу с электронными ресурсами, студент приобретает необходимые навыки работы с компьютером. В дополнение к текстам и упражнениям, к учебнику прилагается демонстрационный модуль студенческих презентаций по темам, изучаемым в рамках рабочей программы по дисциплине «Профессионально ориентированный иностранный язык (английский)». Ссылки на данный модуль присутствуют в тексте пособия. Каждый модуль завершается заданиями для самостоятельной работы, которые служат основой для составления студентами сообщений или докладов по изученной теме.
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Авторы выражают глубокую благодарность рецензентам и коллегам за внимательное прочтение рукописи, внесение ценных предложений по улучшению структуры пособия, и своим студентам, сделавшим посильный вклад в создание пособия, и заранее признательны за все критические замечания и предложения, которые могут быть сделаны в ходе дальнейшей работы с данным пособием.
MODULE 6
The Role of Customs. Grammar: Phrasal Verbs
Exercise 1. Before reading the text, answer these questions:
a) What do Customs usually deal with?
b) What are the main responsibilities of Customs?
Exercise 2. Read the text to check your answers.
PART I
Customs is or Customs are? Both are common. If it is the institution, one might say Customs is. If it is the body of procedures, staff, and operations, one would say Customs are. To be safe, it is usually better to systematically use the plural in English.
As a key border agency Customs plays a critical role in trade facilitation, revenue collection, community protection and national security and can make a major contribution to enhancing national competitiveness.
Customs are usually a major budget contributor, and sometimes the most important source of revenue for a country. Customs also have a unique observation position. They are at the crossroads between trade, the economy, fiscal and budget issues, crime interdiction, environmental preoccupations, and transport, to name but a few.
Customs all over the world are used to dealing with people across the border – so they are the first exposed to new products, activities, and even ideas. They cooperate far better with their foreign counterparts than any other border agency and have routine, non-judicial, access to sensitive commercial information. As an observer of the movement of goods, Customs can provide reliable trade statistics, and match them against other countries’ records. They can work out revenue projections and simulations. Customs also keep records of movements and the people who initiate them. All this can be used not only to secure revenue, but also to protect society. Traditionally, Customs has three major roles:
- to assess and collect revenue based on the characteristics of the goods;
- to protect the country and the society by preventing smuggling;
- to ensure that national legislation is applied to imported goods.
Vocabulary Notes
trade facilitation содействие торговле
to enhance усиливать, улучшать (обычно какое-л. положительное свойство)
to make a contribution делать пожертвования, взносы
foreign counterparts иностранные коллеги
non-judicial внесудебный; несудебный
revenue projections планирование бюджета
Exercise 3. Explain the meaning of the following words in the text: trade facilitation; to enhance national competitiveness; budget contributor; crossroads; crime interdiction; exposed to new products; routine access to; reliable trade statistics; to work out revenue projections; to secure revenue; preventing smuggling.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions.
1. What is meant by Customs’ unique observation position?
2. How do Customs cooperate with their foreign counterparts?
3. What do Customs do to protect society?
4. What are the traditional roles of Customs?
Exercise 4. Study the following chart.
| Verbs with prepositions or adverbs are sometimes referred to as multi-word verbs, or phrasal verbs. |
| Here are some adverbs which are used in phrasal verbs: about, along, around, away, back, behind, by, down, forward, in, on, off, out, over, round, through, up. |
| Some phrasal verbs are easy to understand. She asked me to come in. The man turned round and stared at me. But many phrasal verbs are idiomatic. The verb+ adverb has a special meaning. Why did you turn down the job? (= refused) I can’t make out that sign. (= see clearly) |
| When a phrasal verb has an object, the object can go either before or after the adverb. I wrote the number down. I wrote down the number. A long object goes after the adverb. Customs have carried out a number of enforcement raids. A pronoun (it, them, etc.) always goes before the adverb. If you feel hot in your coat, why don’t you take it off? |
Exercise 5. Match the underlined phrasal verbs in sentences to the more formal words from the box. Mind the forms of the verbs. Consult the dictionary if necessary.
| to implement to finish to take a note of to arrest to protect to fulfill to happen to export to calculate to refuse to abolish |
1. Slavery was done away with in the mid-19th century in America and in Russia.
2. He carried out a new economic plan.
3. Work out how much stamp duty is payable on a home.
4. I'm going to have to cancel our lunch – something's come up.
5. He said that, whatever market-based solution was adopted they all, almost invariably, end up with the customer paying more for energy.
6. “Thank the Lord they didn't carry out their threat”.
7. Write down your plan and keep it where you can always see it.
8. “How could you turn down such a fantastic job?”
9. Weapons are being illegally brought from other countries.
10. Soldiers arrived to watch over the city and maintain peace.
11. He was picked up in the early hours of Thursday morning.
Exercise 6. Decide on the best place to put the adverb, A or B, if both are possible, write A/B.
1. We were going to go out, but we ended (A) staying at home and watching the film (B). (up)
2. I want to find (A) who took my bike (B). (out)
3. My files are in a terrible mess. Could you help me sort (A) them (B). (out)
4. Do you think he’ll carry (A) his promise to buy her a new car (B). (out)
5. I’m really sorry for letting (A) you all (B). (down)
6. I was very busy so I had to put (A) the meeting I had arranged with our American suppliers (B). (off)
7. You shouldn’t believe her. She is always making (A) stories (B). (up)
8. Keep on doing that and you'll end (A) in serious trouble (B). (up)
9. Besides finding a lodging and moving, I had another project I meant to carry (A) in one way or another (B). (out)
10. He made (A) some excuse (B) about the dog eating his homework. (up)
Exercise 7. Before reading Part II of the text, answer these questions:
a) Do you think that Customs is interested in goods only?
b) What are the ways to make Customs’ work more efficient?
Exercise 8. Read the text to check your answers.
PART II
The way in which the major Customs’ responsibilities are discharged varies. For example, if Customs can identify goods, they are best placed to detect and interdict illicit imports and exports. If they look for goods that were not declared, they are also good at rummaging vehicles, craft and containers. If they have access to intelligence, they can use the information not only for revenue purposes. The principles of Customs work are eminently flexible. Today, when they track down dangerous material, the tools may have changed, but the attitude – being curious about anything new – is the same.
To many it would seem that Customs is interested in goods only. There is the notion, often prevailing in transition countries that Customs looks after goods and another agency after people. This makes a lot of sense – in theory, but what can often result is that, in order to detect illegal immigrants, immigration authorities may also want to look at vehicles, and the next step is to look at the goods which the vehicles carry. Unless carefully managed, the end result is at best a duplication of effort and controls.
Customs can collect, at no extra cost, everything that is due on goods and vehicles crossing the border. Customs use the same assessment and collection mechanisms for whatever duty is collected, as these are typically based on:
(i) the value of the goods,
(ii) their characteristics, and
(iii) the characteristics of the means of transport.
This makes Customs a very cost-effective agency.
Vocabulary Notes
to discharge responsibilities выполнять служебные обязанности
rummaging поиск; тщательный осмотр, досмотр
eminently flexible в высшей степени, исключительно гибкий
cost-effective прибыльный, рентабельный
Exercise 9. Explain the meaning of the following words in the text: to identify goods; to interdict illicit imports and exports; they are also good at rummaging vehicles, craft and containers; eminently flexible; to track down dangerous material; being curious about anything new; transition countries; to detect illegal immigrants; at no extra cost; everything that is due; a cost-effective agency.
Exercise 10. Phrasal verbs can have different meanings. Look at the phrasal verbs to look for, to track down, to look after, to look at used in Part II of the text and choose from the table the meanings they are used in.
| to look for | a) to search for someone or something; b) to behave in a way that is likely to cause something bad; c) to wish to have. |
| to track down | a) to discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; b) to pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) |
| to look after | a) to take care of someone or something and make certain that they have everything they need; b) to be in charge of something; c) to take care of something that belongs to someone else and make certain it is not damaged or stolen. |
| to look at | a) to direct your eyes towards someone or something so that you can see them; b) to think about a situation or subject carefully, especially in order to make a decision; c) to read something quickly. |
Exercise 11. Look at the sentences below. What meanings do the phrasal verbs in them have?
1. It’s hard work looking after children all day.
2. Who is looking after department while you are away?
3. He turned and looked at her.
4. We are looking carefully at all the options.
5. The dogs are tracking down a deer.
6. Would you like me to look at your essay before you hand it in?
7. He was looking for work as a builder.
8. Police were looking for clues as to the woman’s identity.
9. The lab tracked down high levels of lead in that drinking water.
Exercise 12. Findin Part II of the text the verbs similar in meaning to the following phrasal verbs: to find out; to carry out; to call for.
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